FAMILY BRUSH FOOTED BUTTERFLIES. 85 



uneaten, and after a meal or two on the parench^'ma of 

 the upper side of the leaf 2iasses to the under surface and 

 makes a filmy solitary nest next one of tlu' ribs, into ^vhich 

 from time to time, as it needs to enlarge it, it weayes bitten 

 particles of the leaf or leaf-hairs; later it makes a larger 

 nest or tent, often at the summit of the plant, sometimes 

 implicating seyeral of its leaves, or stretching across inequal- 

 ities of surface in a single leaf beneath which it liyes. The 

 chrysalis hancrs from eio'ht to fourteen days. The butter- 



•,00 «> 



fly inhabits open fields and is more nearly cosmopolitan in 

 its distribution than any butterfly known, being found in 

 almost eyery quarter of the globe except in South America 

 (in the northern parts only of which is it found) and the 

 arctic regions. It is generally regarded as single-brooded 

 throughout the greater part of Europe, but with us, even 

 as far north as Xew England and Canada, it is certainly 

 double-brooded. It hibernates in the butterfly state (per- 

 haps also some autumn chrysalids pass over the winter) 

 and so appears early in the spring. Eggs are laid late in 

 May and early in June; the caterpillars become fully grown 

 between the middle of June and the end of July, and before 

 the middle of July the first brood of butterflies makes its 

 appearance. Eggs are again laid by the end of this month 

 niul during August, and late in August or early in Septem- 

 ber a second brood of butterflies appears. More than most 

 butterflies this species is subject to extensive fluctuations 

 in numbers, and in Europe at least has been known to 

 migrate in vast flocks. 



VANESSA HUNTERA-THE PAINTED BEAUTY. 



(Cynthia liuntera, Pyrameis buntera, Pyrameis virginiensis, 



Pyrameis terpsicliore.) 



Butterfly. — Upper surface of wings much as in T". carduU 

 excepting that the largest pale spot in the apical half of the fore 

 wings is wliite in the male but orange in the female, and that the 



