FAMILY BRUSH-FOOTED BUTTEUFLIES 89 



laying eggs at or about the same time, so that caterpillars 

 may be found throughout the whole of June and the first 

 half of July, and butterflies of the new brood emerge from 

 the chrysalis throughout July. Eggs are laid at once, and 

 then a fresh lot of caterpillars may be found directly the 

 old ones have disappeared, or even before that. These 

 develop into butterflies by the very last of August, and 

 continue on the wing until they disappear into their win- 

 ter hiding-places. This they do among the very last of 

 our hibernating butterflies. Further south there are 

 doubtless a greater number of broods. 



12. Genus Aglais. 



AGLAIS MILBERTI— AMERICAN TORTOISE-SHELL. 



(Vanessa milberti, Nymphalis milberti, Vanessa furcillata.) 



Butterfly. — Upper surface of wings blackish brown with two 

 orange fulvous spots in the cell of the fore wings and a very 

 broad premarginal band of the same crossing both wings, on the 

 fore wings divided at its upper extremity; a marginal series of 

 small blue lunnles. Under surface slate-brown, the premarginal 

 band gray-brown, crowded with cross-threads of blackish brown, 

 the basal half with distant black cross-threads. Expanse 2 

 inches. 



Caterpillar. — Head black, with white papillae, not spined on 

 summits. Body spinous, the spines shorter than the segments, 

 with a mediodorsal spine on second but not on first abdominal 

 segment ; velvety black above, profusely dotted, except on dorsal 

 line, with whitish papillae, giving a snuff -gray appearance, green- 

 ish yellow beneath. Length nearly 1 inch. 



Chrysalis. — Pale brown, everywhere creased and flecked with 

 dark fuliginous ; or pale golden green with indistinct ferruginous 

 creases and then marked with salmon and livid tints ; ocellar 

 tubercles pointed, a mediodorsal tubercle on second abdominal 

 segment, the mesothoracic prominence not compressed at tip. 

 Length f inch. 



The eggs, which are barrel -shaj^ed, as broad as high, with 

 nine or ten thin and high vertical ribs and pale grass-green, 



