92 THE COMMON Ell BUTTERFLIES. 



and remains on the wing until early in I^ovember. In the 

 northern part of its range, however, as in the White Moun- 

 tains of New Hampshire, the butterfly is single-brooded, 

 appearing early in August. 



14. Gknus Eugonia, 

 EUGONIA J-ALBUM— THE COMPTON TORTOISE. 



(Vanessa j -album, Grapta j -allium, Nymphalis j -album.) 



Butterfly. — Upper surface of wings tawny orange, paling into 

 yellow on the outer half of the wings, marked heavily with 

 black especially on the fore wings, where three large black 

 patches depend from the costal margin, while four smaller patches 

 occur in the middle of the lower half of the wing ; a small white 

 transverse bar near apex of fore wings, repeated nearer the base 

 on the hind wing. Under surface brownish cinereous, darker on 

 basal half, everywhere transversely streaked with dark threads 

 or clouded with fuliginous shades ; an L-shaped white spot at 

 apex of cell of hind wings, the lower limb subobsolete. Expanse 

 nearly 3 inches. 



Caterpillar. — Head lighter or darker, but dark above and 

 crowned with prominent black spines. Body spinous, variable 

 in color but darker above than below, and more or less green, 

 dotted with white and with longitudinal, light-colored, often 

 whitish, maculate stripes ; the upper spines black with rufous 

 base, the lower lighter colored, those of the thoracic segments 

 with no spinules on the basal half. Length l|^-2 inches. 



Chrysalis.— Green of various shades, often covered with a 

 whitish bloom, sometimes clouded with brown, sometimes 

 roseate, the tubercles in the saddle metallic golden, the meso- 

 thoracic prominence apically compressed, a mediodorsal tubercle 

 on second abdominal segment, the suprastigmatal tubercle on 

 eighth abdominal segment obsolete. Length 1 inch. 



The eggs are doubtless laid in small clusters on the food- 

 plant, but they have never yet been found. The caterpil- 

 lars feed upon the white birch in company (fifteen have 

 been found together), but no w^eb has been mentioned. 

 The chrysalis hangs for about ten days. The butterfly is 



