FAMILY TYPICAL BUTTERFLIES. 135 



This is our commonest butterfly, found everywhere in 

 open fields, flj'ing rapidly in a zigzag course but little 

 above the herbage, and delighting to assemble in flocks at 

 the edges of pools of standing water, particularly in road- 

 ways. It has three broods each year, and probably hiber- 

 nates as a nearly full-grown caterpillar. The first brood, 

 which is the least numerous, appears at the end of April 

 unless delayed by inclement weather, the males about ten 

 days before the females; its period of greatest abundance 

 is toward the end of May, and early in June only worn 

 specimens can be found; the second brood appears at the 

 end of June and flies until the third brood appears in the 

 latter half of August, and this last is on the wing until the 

 first severe frosts appear. The eggs are laid singly on the 

 upper side of clover-leaves near the middle, and hatch in 

 four or five days; they are fusiform with about eighteen 

 vertical ribs and numerous cross lines; when laid whitish, 

 then faint yellowish green, they turn to a salmon-color, 

 at first faint, afterwards deep, and just before hatching 

 become of a leaden hue. The escaping caterjoillar eats its 

 way out at the side, devours a small additional portion of 

 the shell, and then attacks the leaf, resting always upon 

 the midrib while young, on the stalk when older. The 

 chrysalis hangs from nine to eleven days. 



The females are dimorphic, many being of a pallid 

 whitish hue instead of yellow, a distinction rarely found in 

 the first brood. One or two instances have occurred of 

 pallid males. 



EURYMUS EURYTHEME— THE ORANGE SULPHUR. 



(Colias eurytheine, Colias clirysotheme, Colias keewaydin, Colias 



ampbidusa, etc.) 



Butterfly. — Differs principally from the foregoing in having 

 the upper surface of the wings orange instead of yellow, and in 

 being tinged with orange beneath, Expanse nearly 2| inches. 



