146 THE COMMONER BUTTERFLIES. 



fleshy filaments, those of the first thoracic segment longest. 

 Length fully 2 inches. 



Chrysalis. — Body greatly expanded laterally at the third ab- 

 dominal segment, where the wings form a sharp ridge ; a similar 

 compressed ridge on each side of the back of the middle abdomi- 

 nal segments; of a dead leaf color, more or less infuscated on the 

 elevations. Length more than 1 inch. 



A southern butterfly, found over the southern half of 

 our district almost or quite to the southern extremities of 

 the Great Lakes, fond of the blossoms of trees and the 

 damp spots in roads, flying low and rather slowly. It is 

 double- brooded and appears to hibernate as a butterfly, the 

 fresh butterflies appearing in July and September. The 

 eggs, which are subspherical and covered with a gummy red 

 substance, are laid in small clusters, generally of two or 

 three roM^s of three or four each, but sometimes as many as 

 thirty or more, on the upper side of leaves or more gen- 

 erally on the smaller stems or tendrils of the food-j^lant, 

 and hatch in from seven to nine days. The caterpillars 

 feed mostly on Dutchman's pijje (Aristolochia), but some- 

 times on other members of the family, like Asarum, or even 

 on Polygonum and Ipomoea, neighboring plants; they do 

 not devour their egg-shells and at first feed side by side in 

 close company, lying at right angles to the edge of the leaf, 

 heads out ; afterwards they are semigregarious, living near 

 together but aj^art and without concealment. The odor 

 from the scent-organs behind the head is much slighter and 

 less disagreeable than with our other swallow-tails. The 

 chrysalis state lasts three or four weeks. 



44. Genus Iphiclides. 

 IPHICLIDES AJAX— THE ZEBKA SWALLOW-TAIL. 



(Papilio ajax, Papilio marcellus, Papilio telamonides.) 



Butterfly. — Wings black, transversely marked with broad and 

 narrow whitish stripes, partly common to both wings, narrowing 



