FAMILY TYPICAL BUTTERFLIES. 151 



as a chrysalis and is double-brooded; the first butterflies 

 appear in the last part of May and continue far into July; 

 the second brood is on the wing by the middle of August 

 or earlier, but does not become abundant until toward the 

 end of August. The eggs, which are subspherical and 

 pale green, are laid singly on the under surface of leaves 

 and hatch in probably a week's time. The caterpillar 

 feeds upon various Lauraceae and some other plants, but 

 spice-bush and sassafras appear to be the favorites; after 

 eating its egg-shell it bites a channel through one side of 

 the leaf not far from the tip down to the midrib, and folds 

 the end-flap over to form a concealment ; it does not fasten 

 the edge itself in any way, but keeps the flap in place by 

 numerous transverse strands of silk upon the fold of the 

 leaf, and does it so neatly that the edge of the flap just 

 touches the opposite side of the leaf; later in life it brings 

 the two edges of an entire leaf together in the same way 

 and lives therein, feeding upon the neighboring leaves. 

 The chrysalis state lasts about a fortnight. 



A second species of Euphoeades, E. i^nlamedes, equally common at 

 tlie South, does not extend so far nortli as E. troilus, but has been 

 taken in Virginia and Missouri and probably may occur at any point 

 on the extreme southern border cf our district. 



47. Genus Heracltdes. 



HERACLIDES CEESPHONTES— THE ORANGE DOG, OR GIANT 



SWALLOW-TAIL. 



(Papilio cresphontes, Papilio thoas.) 



Butterfly. — Upper surface of wings black-brown with two very 

 arcuate series of very heavy yellow discontinuous markings 

 crossing each other, one passing from the tips of I'.e fore wings 

 to the base of the inner margin of the hind pair, the other, more 

 curved, from beyond the middle of the costal margin of the fore 

 wings to the anal angle of the hind pair, just above which is an 



