164 THE COMMONER BUTTERFLIES. 



witliiu before desertion for another nest; they line this nest 

 within with silk for winter quarters. All the species of 

 Thanaos rest with fully expanded wings. 



Otlier species of Thanaos tliat occur within our district are T. ho- 

 ratius, a southern form which has been found along the Atlantic 

 coast as far north as Massachusetts, but is very rare; T. tererdius, a 

 much rarer species, of which the same may be said; T. martialis, a 

 wide-spread species occurring in at least the southern half of our dis- 

 trict from Massachusetts to Kansas, but which seems to be nowhere 

 common except in the Southern States ; and T. ausonius, which is so 

 far certainly known only from Albany, N. Y. 



52. Genus Pholisora. 



PHOLISORA CATULLUS— THE SOOTY WING. 



(Nisoniades catullus.) 



Butterfly. — Wings nearly black, the fore wings with an oblique 

 descending series of three small white spots just before the tip, 

 followed by an arcuate series of five white dots beginning at right 

 angles with the former (frequently obsolete beneath), and a sim- 

 ilar white dot in the cell. Expanse 1.^ inches. 



Caterpillar. — Head black, summits rounded. Body naked, 

 briefly pilose, dull pale green ; thoracic shield velvety black, 

 slender, pallid at the edges ; second pair of legs resembling the 

 third pair more than the first. Length f inch. 



Chrysalis. — Body slender, the abdomen (exclusive of tail-piece) 

 longer than the rest of the body, posterior lip of thoracic spiracle 

 elevated, flaring ; equal apical portion of tail-piece as seen from 

 above scarcely longer than broad ; color yellowish green, with 

 brownish dorsal line, and similar ventral line on abdomen. 

 Length i inch. 



Found in all our district except perhaps some northern- 

 most portions, from few of wliicli it has been reported, 

 flying in gardens and fields. It hibernates like the species 

 of Thanaos as a full-fed caterpillar and is apparently double- 

 hrooded in our district, but triple-brooded in the Southern 

 States; it first appears about the middle of May and again 



