2 INTEODUCTION. 



that behind the eyes, the occiput ; whilst the part 

 before the vertex is called the front, or clypeus. 



The head is furnished with eyes, antennse, or feelers, 

 and mouth oro^ans. 



The eyes are composed of a number of small facets, 

 regularly arranged in a network, and each of these 

 facets may be regarded as a separate eye. The eyes 

 are placed on the sides of the head, and are generally 

 large and prominent. In some beetles they are 

 nearly divided into two by a process of the side of 

 the head, whilst in some (chiefly water beetles) they 

 are completely divided, so that the beetled have 

 apparently four eyes. In addition to the true eyes, 

 some beetles have two small simple eyes, or ocelli, 

 on the top of the head. 



The antennae are situated near the eyes, and have 

 usually eleven joints. Antennae which taper gradually 

 to the end are called setiform (bristle-like) ; those 

 which are uniform in thickness throughout are filiform 

 (thread-like) ; if composed of a n amber of rounded 

 joints, moniliform (bead -like) ; if with triangular 

 elevations, dentated (toothed) ; and if with long 

 processes on the joints, pectinated ; if the joints 

 become stouter towards the extremity, clubbed ; and 

 if the thickening is abrupt, capitate. In addition, 

 the antennae may be flattened, and, in some species, 

 they end in a number of long, flat processes, and are 

 fan-like (as in the cockchafers). Thus the antennae 



