72 BEETLES. 



except by the horn. It is found in pastures in fresh cow^ 

 dung, but is somewhat local. 



Genus Onthophagus, Latr. 



Clypeus slightly notched or entire. Antennae with nine 

 joints. Tarsi filiform, the first joint being long. The rather 

 numerous globose species are often met with in large numbers 

 on dung, which they form into elongated masses of the size 

 of acorns, lay their eggs in them, and bury them more or less 

 completely in the ground. The metamorphosis occupies three 

 months. 



* 0. iaurus, Linn. (Plate VIL, Fig. 8). Pronotum bordered 

 at the base, without excavations for the antennae. The male 

 has two long curved horns on the head, which are bent towards 

 one another. The beetle is black, not infrequently brownish, 

 or yellowish-brown. It frequents woods, and feeds on dung* 

 but is very rare. 



* 0. nutans, Fabr. (Plate VII., Fig. 9). This species re- 

 sembles the last. The male has a horn, which is curved 

 forwards, and the female has two transverse ridges. The 

 clypeus is rounded in front. The thorax is very thickly and 

 coarsely punctured, with a deep notch in front, and with two 

 small projections on the upper margin of the notch in the 

 female and in the smaller male specimens. The elytra are 

 faintly punctate-striate. It is found in the dung of cattle. 



* 0. vacca, Linn. (Plate VIL, Fig. 10). Head and pronotum 

 shining greenish. Elytra reddish-yellow, finely punctured with 

 greenish. The horn of the male is much broader at the base 

 than in the last species. The female has no horns on the 

 posterior occipital ridge. The smaller male specimens have 

 in the middle of the concavity, on the front of the pronotum, 

 two slight and often hardly perceptible elevations. 



