74 BEETLES. 



and the head are bronzy -green. The lateral border of the 

 pronotum has a deep cavity on each side. The margins are 

 yellow. It is common in Central and Southern Europe in the 

 dung of cattle, but is not a British species. 



Genus Aphodius. 



Body elongated, elytra covering the whole of the abdomen ; 

 head flat. The antennte are nine-jointed, and the hind tibise 

 have two terminal spines. They live principally in dung, but 

 a few live in rich mould. The females do not form balls 

 of dung, and do not excavate passages, but lay their eggs 

 simply in the dung, into which the larvse eat their way. 



* A. erraticus, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 15). Black, with 

 dirty yellow wing-cases, in the middle of which there is often 

 a dull, blackish-brown spot. The clypeus is black and semi- 

 circular, and is distinctly margined at the base. The legs are 

 red. It is not uncommon. 



* A. fossor, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 16). This is an elongated 

 and very convex black beetle. It is unmistakable on account 

 of its size. The wing-cases are black or reddish-brown. It is 

 common in cow-dung. 



* A. hcemorrhoidalis, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 17). Shining 

 black, with the elytra strongly punctate-striate, blood-red at 

 the apex, and often in front. It is not uncommon in cow-dung. 



* A. Jlmetarius, Linn. (Plate VII., Fig. 18). Elytra red, 

 punctate-striate. Antennae red, with a rusty-yellow club. 

 The pronotum has the whole of the lateral border red. The 

 head has three distinct frontal prominences, with a curved 

 line in front of them, which is distinct in the male, but not 

 well marked in the female. It is a common species. 



* A. inquinatus, Fabr. (Plate VIL, Fig. 19). Wing-cases 

 greyish-yellow, with darker markings. The scutellum and 



