BEETLES. 77 



margin of the head. The pronotnm is only occasionally 

 armed with horns or projections. The species are common 

 in duni;. 



* G. iyphmus, Linn. (Plate VIII., Fig. 2). Eather depressed ; 

 shinincr black. Pronotum with three horns in the male, which 

 are directed forwards, and a long transverse ridge in the 

 middle in the female, and very short, lateral horns. It is 

 found in woods in May. It feeds on the dung of horses and 

 cattle, in which it digs round holes and lays its eggs therein.. 



* Gr. stercorarius, Fabr. (Plate VIII., Fig. 3). Black, green, 

 or steel-blue; violet -blue beneath. Each wing-case has 

 fourteen fine, punctured strife, with the interstices scarcely 

 convex. The maxilLng have the external border margined, and 

 twice deeply concave at the apex. It is found in horse- 

 dung, but is not so common as the last species. 



♦ G. mutator, Marsh (Plate VIIL, Fig. 4). This species 

 closely resembles the last both in size and colour, but has 

 eighteen punctured stride on the wing-cases. The imder 

 surface has a green shine, and not infrequently is fine golden 

 green. It is common, and generally distributed. 



♦ G. sylvaticm, Panz. (Plate VIII., Fig. 5). Convex, blackish- 

 green above, rarely with a blue shine; blue beneath. The 

 pronotum is completely margined at the base. The elytra are 

 slightly striated, wdth the interstices finely granular. It is 

 common in woods, in dung and fungi. 



■* G. vernalis, Linn. (Plate VIIL, Fig. 6). This species is 

 almost hemispherical. It is black above, wdth a rich blue, 

 green, or violet shine, and blue beneath. The pronotum is 

 only margined in the middle at the base. The elytra are 

 very finely and indistinctly punctate-striate. It is found on 

 horse-dung in early spring, but is somewhat local. 



