4 TETTIGIDyE OF NORTH AMERICA 



the first to be made known. The synonymy of the term as applied to the entire group which 

 we now understand as the Tettigidcr, from this early period to the present time, is as fol- 

 lows: Bulla. Linnaus (1764); Acrydium, Fabricius (i775), Zetterstedt ('21); Actidium, 

 Say ('24), Olivier ('25). Kirby ('37), DeHann ('42); Telrix. LatraiUe ('04), Burmeister ('38). 

 Harris ('41): Tetricidiles, Serville ('39>; Platyparyphaea. Fieber {'53): Tetticiens. De Saus- 

 sure ('60): Tetricides, Scudder ('5S); Tettigidx. Walker ('69). Bolivar ('87), Brunner ('03), 

 Hancock ('96). Hancock ('00); Tettrgins. Thomas ('73), Fernald ('88), Morse ('94), Bueten- 

 muller ('94), Blatchley ('92), Lugger ('97). Smith (96), Walker ('98), Scudder ('97), Morse 

 ('00), Scudder (01); Tettigides, Shipley ('98). 



Although LatraiUe first applied the term Tetrix, as we understand the name to-day, it 

 is essentially the same genus as that defined by Charpentier {'41) as Tettix, and later used 

 by Fisher ('r3), and so on down to the present time. The word Tetrix is of Greek origin, 

 meaning grasshopper. Harris supposed that LatraiUe applied the term to the Tettigida 

 from some fanciful resemblance to the heath-cock of Europe. In North .America the name 

 grouse-locusts has to some extent been applied toTettigids in consequence of this supposed 

 similarity. A number of common names have been created for the various species. Thus 

 Harris gave five names to a single species. Tettix ornatits, basing these names principally 

 upon color-markings. 



Notwithstanding the very marked characters dividing the 

 Tettigian group from the other orthoptera, the earlier authors 

 in some instances failed to grasp the real taxonomic differ- 

 ences. We find, for instance, members of the genus Cltori- 

 phylliiin Serville (See Plate I., Figure i), placed among the 

 Membracida, a fundamentally different order of insects, 

 though possessing the same analogous, prothoracic develop- 

 ment. By reason of the great difficulty in classifying the 

 species synonyms have accumulated. 



CHARACTERS DISTINGUISHING THE GROUP. 



The characters which distinguish the Tettigidae from other 

 groups of orthoptera may be stated briefly as follows: They 

 are among the smallest orthoptera. They have a large pro- 

 notum, covering the mesonotum, the metanotum, and not 

 infrequently extending bevond the end of the abdomen and 

 the apex of the posterior femora; presenting very small, 

 rudimentary elytra formed like little lobes or scales, and 

 situated on each side of the body within the posterior elytral 

 sinus at the base of the wings. The wings ma}- be large and 

 well developed. They are remarkable for the narrowing of 

 the wing proper or the part before the anal furrow (this 

 portion being usually exposed and partially chitinized) and 

 for the enormous development of the anal area, as more 

 fully described and illustrated further on. The elytra and 

 wings are not infrequently rudimentary or even absent; the 



