156 THE FISHES OF MALABAR. 



Order.— PHARYNGOGNATHI. 

 Sub-Ordee.-PHARYNGOGNATHI ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Fam. POMACENTRID.E, Gunther. 



SciiENOiDEi, pt. Cuvier. 

 Labroidei ctenoidei, Mull. 

 Otenolabrid^e, Owen. 



Genus GLYPHIDODON, Laeep. 

 Euschistodus et hypsypops, sp. Gill. 



Branchiostegals, five or six : pseudobranchiae. Body short, more or less compressed. Eyes lateral. 

 Cleft of mouth small. Preopercle entire. Teeth compressed and in a single row, sometimes every alter- 

 nate one being similar. One dorsal, with the spinous as well developed or more so than the soft portion. 

 Two spines to anal fin. Ventrals thoracic, with one spine and five rays. Scales of moderate size over 

 body and head. The lateral line either ceases below the posterior portion of the dorsal fin, or is continued 

 in the form of small circular orifices. Air bladder present. Pylorie appendages three. 



Glyphidodon Cochinensis. Plate XII. 

 Glyphidodon Cochinensis, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 38. 



B. v. D. jf. P. 15. V. l. A. T %. L. 1. 28. L. tr. f. 



Length of head T 2 T , of pectoral ^, of caudal J, of base of dorsal §, of base of anal j 2 T of total 

 length. Height of head T 2 T , of body §, of hard dorsal T 2 g, of soft dorsal §, of base of caudal ^, of 

 ventral -J, of anal | of the total length. 



Eyes — Diameter | length of head, f of a diameter from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. 



Body ovoid and compressed, the width at the shoulder being scarcely equal to half its height : 

 profile from the snout to the dorsal fin convex. Soft portions of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins much 

 elongated. 



Maxilla extends to opposite the anterior margin of the orbit : jaws of equal length. Preopercle 

 entire ; posterior limb slightly oblique, and half as long again as the inferior, which is horizontal, 

 the angle being rounded. Sub- and interopercles entire. Opercle ending in a flat moderately 

 strong spine a little below the level of the lower margin of the orbit ; a second exists a short 

 distance above, and in one specimen a third about an equal distance below the central one. 

 Nostrils a short distance apart, and near the anterior surface of the orbit slightly above its mesial 

 liue : the posterior is round, the anterior transversely oval. All the opercles and the interorbital 

 space scaled. Suprascapular, scapular, and humeral bones entire. 



Teeth — In a single flattened and compressed row, decreasing in size from the centre of the 

 jaws to their circumference. 



Fins — Dorsal commences opposite the end of the opercle : pectoral slightly behind : and the 

 ventral a little more posteriorly : anal begins about opposite the tenth dorsal spine. Spinous 

 portion of dorsal occupies three-fourths of the base of the fin, its spines moderately strong : 

 interspinous membrane slightly longer than the spines, and deeply notched ; soft portion elongated, 

 first spine one third shorter than the second, from whence they gradually increase to the last, 

 which is two and a half times as long as the first. Pectoral rounded. Ventral spine moderately 

 strong, two thirds the length of the anterior rays, the first of which is prolonged. First spine of anal 



