166 SALMONIA. 



being common in Lapland — at least so says 

 Linnaeus. 



Hal. — I think it must be another species 

 of the same genus; the same as Back's gray- 

 ling, found by Captain Franklin and his 

 companions in North America, and distin- 

 guished by a much larger back fin. Having 

 travelled with the fishing rod in my hand 

 through most of the Alpine valleys in the 

 south and east of Europe, and some of those 

 in Norway and Sweden, I have always 

 found the char in the coldest and highest 

 waters; the trout, in the brooks rising in 

 the highest and coldest mountains; and the 

 grayling always lower, where the tempera- 

 ture was milder: and if in hot countries, 

 only at the foot of mountains, not far from 

 sources which had the mean temperature of 

 the atmosphere, — as in the Vipacco, near 

 Goritzia, and in the streams which gush 

 forth from the limestone caverns of the 

 Noric Alps. Besides temperature, grayling 

 require a peculiar character in the disposi- 

 tion of the water of rivers. They do not 

 dwell, like trout, in rapid shallow torrents ; 



