22 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



A small patcli of simOar colour exists in front of tlie base of tlie dorsal. Another band goes from the hind edge 

 of the pectoral to the front of the soft dorsal : two more similar bands cross the base of the tail, and several 

 shorter marks exist over the body. Spinous dorsal nearly black, soft dorsal and other fins yellow. Eyes 

 golden. 



A young specimen exists in the Paris Museum, in which there are dark spots along the lines wliicli bound 

 the light spaces. 



Adults are brownish, with aljout four curved longitudinal bands along the body, and four or five oblique 

 l)ands on the head, radiating from the eye. 



Amongst Sir Walter Elliot's drawings is a figure of this speci-es, 3;% inches long, also of the j'oung, 

 lyLj inches, with the remark " taken at Waltair, March 9th, 1853." 



Habitat. — From the Red Sea through those of India to Japan : the sjiecimen figured (life size) was 

 captured at Madras in 1867. 



22. Serranus annularis, Plate V, fig. 2. 

 Sen-aims angujarls, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 353; Giintlier, Catal. i, p. 126. 



Serraivus Celehicus, Bleeker, Celebes, i, p. 117; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 139; Klunz. Yerh. z. b. Ges. Wieu, 

 1870, p. 676. 



Serranus areolatus, Playfair (not Cuv. and Val.) Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 848. 



Serranus glaucus. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 678. 



Epinephelus Gelebicus, Bleeker, Atl. loh. Perc. xi, fig. 3, and Epinephelini, p. 60. 



B. vii, D. yJ.L., p. 17, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. 1. 70, L. r. 105, L. tr. 23/40, Ca;c. pyl. 13-14. 



Length of head 2/7, of caudal 2/11, height of body 2/7 to 4/15 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 1/4 to 

 1/5 of the length of head, \\ diameters from the end of snout, and 3/4 to 1 diameter apart. The maxilla reaches 

 to below the last third of the orbit. Preopercle serrated, angle slightly produced, having two or three strong 

 • denticulations (more developed in some specimens than in others), the inferior of which sometimes is directed 

 downwards : occasionally there are a few denticulations upon the sub- and inter-opercles. Opercular spines well 

 developed, the centi'al one the longest. TeetJi — canines in both jaws, largest in tlie upper : outer row of teeth in 

 maxilla and inner in mandible larger than the villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines rather strong, increasing in 

 length to the third which equals 3/7 of the height of the body, and is rather more than that of the rays : pectoral 

 as long as the head, excluding the snout, and longer than the venti-al : second anal spine strongest but not 

 quite so long as the third, which equals one and a quarter diameters of the orbit : caudal emarginate. Scales — 

 ftenoid. Colours — grej'ish, becoming dirt)' white along the abdomen : head and body studded rather closely 

 with yellow spots, which become brown in preserved specimens : j^cctoral, dorsal, anal, and caudal also spotted, 

 which spots sometimes form lines or bands, and all the fins with a black margin edged with wlute. 



Hahitat. — Seas of India and Ceylon to the Malay Archiiselago, attaining two feet or more in length ; 

 the specimen figured is 7 inches long. 



23. Serranus fuscoguttatus, Plate Y, fig. 3. 



Perca summana, var.fuscor/uttata, Forsk. p. 42 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1317. 



Serranus fusco<juttatus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 108, t. 27, fig. 2; Peters, Wieg. Arch. 1855. p. 235 ; Giinther, 

 Catal. i, p. 127; Kner, Yoy. Xovara, Poiss. p. 22; Playfair, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 5; Klunz. Yerh. zool.-bot. Ges. 

 in Wien, 1870, p. 684. 



Serranus horriJus (KvM. and Y. Hass.) Cuv. and Yal. ii, p. 321 ; Bleeker, Perc. p. 36 ; Giinther, Catal. 

 p. 136. 



Serranus geographicus, (Kuhl. and v. Hass.) Cuv. and Yal. ii, p. 322 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 150. 



Serranus dispar, Playfair, Fish. Zanz. p. 6, pi. i, fig. 2 and 3 ; Giinther, Fische d. Sudsee, Heft i, p. 'J. 



JSpinephelus liurridus, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Perc. t. xxix, f. 3. 



Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, Bleeker, Epinephelini, p. 93. 



B. vii, tJ_l_, p. 19, V. 1/5, A. J^^, C. 17, L. r. Vif , L- tr. 22/56 (Ckc. pyl. 24, Kner). 



Length of head from 1/3 to 4/13, of caudal 1/6, height of body 4/13 to 2/7 of the total length. Eyes— 

 diameter 2/9 to 1/6 of the length of head, 1} diameters from the end of snout, and 1 apart. The maxilla reaches 

 to beyond the vertical from the hind edge of the orbit. Preopercle usually convex, but in some specimens with 

 a very shallow emargination above its rounded angle, serrated in its whole extent, most coarsely so at its angle, 

 lower limb and also the sub- and inter-opercles entire. Opercle with rather badly developed spines, the central 

 one the most conspicuous. Teeth — small canines in both jaws, the outer row in the maxilla and the inner in 

 the mandible, larger than the villiform bands. Fins — dorsal spines rather strong, from the third of about equal 

 length and not so long as the rays, the third equals about 2/7 of the length of the head: pectoral longer than 

 the ventral, and as long as the postorbital portion of the head : third anal spine equal in length to the third" 

 dorsal one, and though longer, not so strong as the second : caudal rounded. Scales — cycloid. Colours — 

 gi-eyish, with brown spots of a larger or smaller size irregularly disposed, they are sometimes hexagonal on the 

 head : pectoral and caudal may be banded : sometimes three or four narrow white lines cross the lower jaw. 

 There are some larger blotches on the head and body, and one across the free portion of the tail. In some 

 specimens only the large cloudy blotchings or markings are present on the body. 



