16o ACAXTHOPTERYGII. 



diameter 1/3 to 2/7 iu tlie longtli of head, Ij diameters from end of snout and also apart. Interorbital space 

 rather elevated, vrith a central shallow groove which narrows anteriorly : anterior superior edge of orbit serrated. 

 The maxilla extends to below the posterior nostril : horizontal edge of preopercle roughened. The height of 

 the soft portion of the cheek equals that of the orbit, whilst it is one-half wider than deep. Teeth — generic. 

 F[;is — dorsal spines strong, their base occupying five-sevenths of that of the entii-e fin, the spines increase in 

 leno-th to the fourth, which is as long as the head excluding the snout, and slightly higher than the rays, from 

 it they decrease to the last which equals the length of the snout : soft portion of fin (as well as of the anal) 

 obliquely rounded : anal spines strong, increasing in length to the third which equals the longest in the 

 dorsal fin, from thence they decrease to the sixth, but the seventh is longer and equal to the third : caudal 

 emarginate, its central rays being equal to two-thirds of the length of the longest of the outer ones. Scales — 

 minute. Colours — head, back, and sides of a dark brownish neutral tint, becoming lighter on the abdomen. 

 On the head and back many pale grey rounded spots, becoming more elongated on the sides and abdomen. The 

 upper spots are not so wide as the gi-ound colour. No streaks on the head as a rule, but to this there are excep- 

 tions, and in some instances the cheeks are reticulated : fins imm aculate. 



This doubtless is Hepatiis, Gronov. Zooph. t. 8, fig. 4, and probably AmpliacantJms BusseUn, Bleeker. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. Jerdon (il. J. L. and S. 1851, p. 138) 

 mentions having procured both of Russell's species at Madras. 



2. Teuthis venniculata, Plato XL, fig. 1. 



Amphacanthus vermiculatus, (Kuhl. and v. Hass.) Cuv. and Val. x, p. 126 : Miill. and Schleg. Verh. 

 Ovcrz. Bez. Vissch. p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 3 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiii, Teuth. p. 11. 



Teutlds varm.kulata, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 317; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 123. 

 Kut-e-rah, Mai. : Choiv-lud-dah, Andam. 



B. V, D. ^Vo, P- IG, V. 2/3, A. ^V, C. 17. 



Length of head about 1/5, of caudal 2/13, height of body 3/7 to 2/5 of the total length. Eyes— diameter 

 3^ in the length of head, upwards of 11 diameters from end of snout, and IJ apart. The maxilla reaches 

 about half way to below the front edge of the orbit. Angle of preopercle slightly produced. Teeth — generic. 

 Fins — Dorsal spines strong and occujjying five-sevenths of the length of the base of the entire fin, fi'om the 

 fourth they are of about the same height, equalling half the length of the head, but are not so high as the first 

 few rays : rayed portion of the fin angular : anal of the same form as the dorsal, but the spines are stronger and 

 occupy tliree-fifths of the entire base of the fin, they are of about the same height from the third, equalling half 

 the length of the head : pectoral two-fifths of the height of the body and longer than the ventral which does not 

 quite reach the anal fin : caudal shghtly emarginate. Scales — minute, but distinct over the body and cheeks. 

 Colours — light brown, running into bluish green on the back, and nearly white on the abdomen. The whole of 

 the body, head, and lips are lineated with undulatmg bluish lines of about one-fourth the width of the ground 

 colour, beiag broadest near the abdomen : caudal fin with brown lines. 



UaUtat. — Seas of India, Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at least 11 inches in length. 



3. Teuthis marmorata, Plate XL, fig. 2. 



Amphacanthus marmoratus, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Uranie, Zool. p. 367,>pl. C2, fig. 1 ; Cuv. and Val. x, p. 

 124 ; Kner, ISTovara Fische, p. 208. 



Teuthis marmorata, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 322. 



Teuthis striolata, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 319, and Garrett, Fische d. Sudsce, t. 59, fig. A. 



B. V, D. ii, P. 18, V. 2/3, A. f, C. 17. 



Length of head 3/16 to 1/5, of caudal 1/7, height of body 3/10 to 2/7 of the total length. Eyes— 

 diameter 1/3 of length of head, 1 to 1} diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. Interorbital space nearly 

 flat, edge of orbit entire. The maxilla reaches to nearly below the hind nostril. The soft portion of the cheek 

 (between the orbit, preopercular limb, and hind edge of preorbital and maxilla) is as liigh as the orbit, and but 

 slightly longer than high. Teeth — generic. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, iucreasing to the fourth 

 and subsequently decreasing from the seventh, the highest spines equalling the length of the head behind the 

 fi.rst third of the eyes, and bemg half as long again as the soft portion of the fin which is rounded : pectorals 

 as long as the head excluding its post-orbital portion : ventral reaches more than half way to the anal : anal 

 spines increase in length to the third, (which equals half the length of the head,) from whence they decrease to 

 the last, which equals two-fifths of the same extent : caudal lobed, upper lobe the longer. Colours — brownish, 

 covered aU over the back with blue vemiiculated lines, which become sinuously-longitudinal along the sides : 

 head covered with similar lines. Dorsal, anal, and caudal with sinuous brown lines : pectorals yellow. 



Ilabitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



4. Teuthis virgata, Plate XL, fig. 3. 

 Am-phacanthus virgatus, Cuv. and Val. x, p. 133 ; Miill. and Schleg. Verh. Overz. Bez. Vissch. p. 14, pi. 

 3, fig. 1 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiii, Teuth. p. 11 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 209. 

 Teuthis virgata, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 323. 

 Tah-meer-dah, Andam. 



