62 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



maxilla reaches to below the middle of the orbit. Vertical limb of prcopercle with its outer edge minutely 

 serrated in its upper half, becoming more coarsely so at the angle and along the outer edge of its horizontal 

 limb : edges of orbit and shouJder-bone entire. Teetli — villifoi-m, in a single row on vomer and palate. Fins — 

 dorsal spines rather slender, the first two short, the third not (juite so long as the foiu-th, which equals half the 

 length of the head and nearly half the height of the body below it ; soft portion of the fin highest, and cut 

 square or even slightly emarginate, especially in large specimens : pectoral readies to above the anal : ventral reaches 

 the anus : caudal emarginate. Lateral-line — tubes distinct, with numerous short lateral branches. Pseudohranchicp 

 — well developed. Colours — body pinkish shot with gold, a rather broad, black band at the root of the caudal 

 fin over the free portion of the tail : some minute black spots around the jaws, on the upper portions of the 

 opercles, and on the crown of the head. Fins reddish, first dorsal black tipped ; ventral spine and outer ray 

 black, and a naiTOW black edge to second dorsal, anal, and caudal. ViU'iety A. roseijjinnis has a violet band 

 along the base of the anal fin. 



In a female specimen 4 inches long, captured at Madras, Januaiy 9th, 18G8, a black band passes through 

 the eye to the ojjercle, which also has a vertical band of dots upon it : the ring round the free portion of the 

 tail ends one row of scales below the lateral-line. 



Hahitaf. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, through the seas of India to the Malay Arcltipelago. Very 

 common at Madras up to 5 or 6 inches in length, in June and July they are usually abundant. Specimen 

 figured life-size. 



13. Apogon bifasciatus, Plate XVI, fig. 9. 



Riippell, N. W. Fische. p. 86, t. 22, f. 2 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 238 ;* Kner, Novara Fische, p. 42 ; Klnnz. 

 Fische d. Rothen Meeres, p. 711. 



Apofjon trimamlatus, Richardson, Ich. China, p. 221 (not C. V.) 



.'' Amia tceniata, Bleeker, Nat. Verb. d. Holl. Maats. d. Weten. 3de Verz. Deel. ii. No. i, 1874, p. 24, and 

 Apogonini, p. 24. 



B. vii, D. 7/i P. 15, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. 1. 25, L. tr. 2/7|, Ctec. pyl. 3 (4 Kner.) 



Length of head 3j to 2/7, of caudal 2/11, height of body 4/11 in the total length. Ei/es — diameter 4/11 

 of length of head, 1/3 of a diameter from end of snout, and 2/3 apart. A considerable rise from the snout to 

 the dorsal fin. The maxilla reaches to below the posterior third of the orbit. Vertical limb of preopercle finely 

 serrated in its outer edge, rather more coarsely so at its angle, becoming very indistinct along the lower limb, 

 the inner edge entire. Shoulder-bone serrated in the young, becoming nearly entire in the adult. Teeth— 

 villiform in jaws, and in a band on the vomer and palatines. Fins — dorsal spines strong, the two first short, 

 the third and fourth of about the same height and equal to two-tliirds of the length of the head in the adult 

 (proportionately higher in the young), or lialf the height of the body beneath : the spine of the second dorsal 

 strong, and equal to half the length of the head. The pectoral reaches to above the anal spines : caudal 

 emarginate in the adult, more rounded in the young. Lateral-line — forms a curve in the first part of its extent, 

 which becomes straight opposite the end of the base of the anal fin : the tubes anteriorly are verj- arborescent 

 laterally, but less so in the posterior half of the body. Colours — slaty-gi-ey -n-ith bronze reflections : a dai'k 

 vertical band from the first half of the dorsal fin passing down the side to below the pectoral fin, and a shorter 

 but similar band from the first half of the second dorsal : a black spot at the root of the caudal. Fins, except 

 the pectoral, blackish, or with black edges, due to fine black points, which are also spread over the jaws, head, 

 and very finely over the body. 



Habitai. — Red Sea, through the seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and China. Very common at 

 Madras up to 6 inches in length. It is very closely allied to A. tceniatus, which latter, however, has a much 

 lower first dorsal fin. 



14. Apogon glaga, Plate XVI, fig. 10. 

 Apogon (jlarja, Bleeker, Perc. p. 29. 



ApogonicJdhjs (jla/ja, Bleeker, Japan, p. 57, and Atl. Ich. Perc. t. xxxiii, fig. 1 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 247. 

 Amia cjlaga, Bleeker, Apogonini, p. 6G. 



B. vii, D. 7/i, P. 16, V. 1/5, A. I, C. 17, L. 1. 24-25, L. tr. 2/7. 



Length of head 2/7, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/7 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 2/7 of length 

 of head, 1 /2 a diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart. Lower jaw the longer : the maxilla reaches to below 

 the last third of the orbit. Both limbs of preopercle entire, but the outer edge of the horizontal limb somewhat 

 crenulated, its outline being sinuous : the other bones of the head entire, except the lower border of the orbit 

 which is roughened. Teeth — villiform in the jaws, the outer row in the maxilla rather enlarged, and a few 

 canine-like ones in the mandible : those in the vomer and palate in a single row of rather larger-sized ones than 

 exist in the jaws. Fins — dorsal spines weak, the first short, the fourth the highest, equal to the length of the 

 postorbital portion of the head, and nearly one-foui'th higher than the spine of the second dorsal ; soft dorsal 

 fin considerably higher than the spinous. Pectoral reaches to above the anal spines. Caudal rpunded. Lateral- 

 line — tubes distinct, having a lateral basal enlargement. Colours — yellowish-green superiorly, becoming more 

 roseate along the abdomen : a dark band between the hind fourth of the orbits. The approximating edges of 



* Dr. Gunther observes that A. bifasciatus has both the margins of the preopercle strongly serrated, the denticulations on the 

 inner ridge being coarse, and gradually becoming more so at the angle : vomerine teeth iu a single row. 



