FAMILY, II— SQUA3IIPINNE.S. 113 



Cluetodon snlim-tscJicip!, Russell, Fish. Vizag. i, p. 69, pi. 88. 

 CltKtodon resimus, Gronov. Syst. ed. Gray, p. 71. 

 Nya-lylc-pya, Arrak. : Dood-ka-mal, Cliittagong. 



B. vi, D. ^.|t, p. 20, V. 1/5, A. ^'^, C. 17. 



Lengtli of tead 2/9, of caudal 1/6, height of body 4/7 of the total length. J?(/e.s— diameter 2/7 of length 

 of head, 1|- diameters from end of snout, and also apart. Preopercle finely serrated along its vertical limb, the 

 spine at its angle smooth and as long as the diameter of the orbit. Teeth — brnsh-like. Fins— dorsal spines 

 increase in length to tlie last, none of the rays prolonged : the soft portion of the fin angular, in adults it is 

 often produced, that of the anal rounded : third anal spine the longest. Scales — small. C'o?om;-s —sienna, with 

 a blue ring on the .shoulder. One narrow blue interorbital band is continued behind the eye over the opercle on 

 the hind edge of which it curves upwards towards the ring : a second across the snout passes under the eye 

 across the opercle and joins the third on the body : sis or seven arched blue bands radiate from the head and 

 are continued along the body converging towards the soft dorsal fin : pectoral yellow, with a blue band at its 

 base. Dor.sal and anal fins dark, the six body bands are continued on to the former, where there are also some 

 intei-mediate naiTow blue lines, the fin with a blue upper edge : anal with three blue lines on it and a light blue 

 margin : caudal yellow, with a nawow orange tip. 



Eussell observed, "the present subject bears a strong resemblance to Chu'todon annularis, Linn., but differs 

 principally in two circumstances ; the one the setaceous elongation of the dorsal fin, resembling that of ChcModon 

 setifer, Bloch ; the other (less material) in the remarkable ring on the shoulder being rather square than of a 

 cii'cular figure." 



Amongst Sir Walter Elliot's dramngs is one of this fish, which was colom-ed from an individual captured 

 at Waltair, March, 1853, its native names are recorded as Jatipyna, Tel. : LoUa terate, Mai. Jerdon remarks, 

 M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 1.34, " I only once procni-ed this beautifid fish." The specimen figured was taken at 

 Singajiore by the late Dr. Stoliczka. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, China, and beyond. It attains at least a foot in length. 

 The specimen figm-ed is 6 inches long. 



B. Scales of moderate size. 



4. Holacanthus diacanthus. 



ClitrJodon diacanthus, (Boddsert), Bl. Schn. p. 220. 

 Cluetodon dux et Bodd(ertii, Gmel. Linn. pp. 1243, 1255. 

 Cliadodon fasciatus, Bloch, t. 195; Gmel. Linn. 1266; Bl. Schn. p. 217. 



Holacanthus dux, Lacep. iv, p. 534 ; Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 184 ; Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 37 ; Bleeker, 

 Celebes, iii, p. 757. 



Acanthopus Boddcertii, Lacep. iv, pp. 559, 660. 



Holacanthus diacayithus, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 48 ; Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 786. 



B. vi, D. J-l, P. 19, V. 1/5, A. ^, C. 17, L. r. 52, L. tr. 7/25. 



Length of head 1/5, of caudal 1/6, height of body 3/7 of the total length. %as— diameter 2/9 of length 

 of head, 1^ diameters from end of snout, and also apart. Preopercle strongly serrated, its spine strong, equal in 

 length to about 2 diameters of the orbit, and extendang to below the base of the pectoral fin. Fins — soft dorsal 

 and anal rounded : third anal spine longest and strongest : caudal rounded. Colours — yellowish, with from 

 eight to twelve vertical blue brown-edged bands, those on the body being continued on to the vertical fins. A 

 short one exists along the snout, two descend from the summit of the head to the eye and to a little below it : 

 one traverses the opercle, and about eight exist on the body : caudal yellow. Anal has bluish streaks parallel to 

 its base. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Ai-chipelago. 



5. Holacanthus xanthurus, Plate XXIX, fig. 2. 



Bennett, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1832, p. 183; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 51. 



B. vi, D. iA, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. Ts!^^, C. 17, L. 1. 50, L. r. =t_»% L. tr. 7/22. 



Length of head 1/4 to 4/17, of caudal excluding its prolongation 1/6, including it 1/4, height of body 

 1/2 of the total length excluding caudal filament. J/j/es— diameter 1/3 to 2/7 of the length of head, 1 diameter 

 from the end of snout, and also apart. Body compressed : dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex. 

 The maxilla reaches half way to below the orbit. Vertical Umb of the preopercle serrated, and having a strong 

 smooth spine which is equal to or rather above one diameter of the orbit in length at its angle, and reaching nearly 

 to the base of the pectoral fin. Teeth — in jaws fine, pointed, with the outer row the largest. Fins — dorsal 

 spines and rays almost parallel to the dorsal profile, the fourth dorsal spine slightly the longest, the last being 

 equal to the third : soft portion of the fin slightly rounded : pectoral a little longer than the head excluding 

 the snout : the ventrals reach the vent : third anal spine longest, strongest, and one-third longer than the 

 longest in the dorsal fin, the soft portions of the two similar : caudal rather rounded, with its upper ray produced 



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