FAMILY, XVI— CASANGID^. " 213 



22. Carmx galhis, D. 0-6 | ^V. A. 0-2 | V^, L. 1. 8-10. Height of body from If to l/3_ of the_ total 

 length. Height of preorbital 1^ to If in diameter of orbit. Eye -ndthout adipose lids. Teeth villiform in the 

 young, obtiLse in adults. Anterior rays of second dorsal and anal filiform and prolonged. Lateral-line becomes 

 straight below twelfth dorsal ray. Scaleless except along lateral-line. A small opercular spot in adults. Red 

 Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



2.3. Caranx dUaris, D. 6 | tir, A. 2 J -Jg-, L. 1. 15. Height of body \\ to If in the total length. Height 

 of preorbital from 3/4 to 1 diameter of orbit. Eye without adipose lids. Teeth villiform in both jaws. Anterior 

 rays of second dorsal and anal filiform and prolonged. Lateral-line becomes straight below tenth dorsal ray. 

 Scaleless except along the lateral-line. An opercular spot. From the Red Sea, through those of India. 



B. No teeth on the palate. 



24. Caranx leptolepis, D. 8 [ ^'.„, A. 2 | Jj-, L. 1. 24-28. Height of body 3§ to 4i in the total length. 

 Eye with a broad posterior and narrow anterior adipose lid. Teeth in a single row in both jaws. Second dorsal 

 anteriorly 2^ in height of body. Lateral-line becomes straight below seventh dorsal ray. Chest scaled. Seas 

 of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



25. Caranx nigrijjinnis, D. 7-8 | ^3?^, A. 2 | ^'^, L. 1. 55-60. Height of body 2/7 of the total length. 

 Eyes with wide anterior and posterior adipose lids. Teeth in a single row in both jaws. Second dorsal 

 anteriorly 1/3 height of body. Lateral-line becomes straight below fifth dorsal ray. Chest scaled. Seas 

 of India. 



26. Caranx sjjeciosus, D. 7-8 | -j-sW ^- 2 | tt'ts. L. I. 13-15. Height of body 3^ in the total length. 

 Eyes without adipose lids. Teeth absent. Second dorsal anteriorly 2j in height of body. Lateral-line becomes 

 straight below eighth dorsal ray. Chest scaled. Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



A. Teeth on the palate. 

 a. Several finlets behind dorsal and anal fins. 

 1. Caranx Rottleri. 

 Scomber Rottleri, Bloch, x, p. 40, t. 346 ; Bl. Schn. p. 25 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 598. 

 Scomber woragoo, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 33, pi. 143. 

 ^Scomber gtiara, Lacep. ii, p. 604. 



Caranx Eotleri, Riipp. Atl. p. 102, and N. W. Fische, pp. 48 and 52 ; Cuv. and Yal. ix, p. 29 ; Richards. 

 Ich. China, p. 273. 



Caranx Rottleri, Cantor, Catal. p. 124; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 136; Gimther, Catal. ii, 

 p. 424; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 80; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 150; Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 

 1871, p. 453. 



Megalaspis Rottleri, Bleeker, Makr. p. 49. 

 Sora parah, Tel. : Komara parah, Tam. 



B. vii, D. 6-8 I ^.JT- + viii-x, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^>^ -f vii-viii, C. 18, L. 1. 55.* 



Length of head 4f to 5j, of caudal 5i, height of body 4^ to 4f in the total length. Eye — with 

 a broad anterior and posterior adipose lid, both covering a portion of the pupil : diameter of eyes from 3j 

 to 44 in the length of the head, 1 to l\ diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. There is a very gradual 

 ascent from the snout to the first dorsal fin, and the dorsal and abdominal profiles are about equally convex. 

 The greatest width of the head equals 4/7 of its length, and its height its length behind the front nostril. 

 Cleft of mouth very slightly oblique, commencing opposite the lower edge of the eye, lower jaw slightly the 

 longer and the maxilla reaches to below the middle of the eye. The greatest depth of the preorbital equals 

 about 1/2 the diameter of the orbit. Teeth — villiform in the upper jaw, with an outer row of rather widely 

 separated and slightly conical ones : in the lower jaw two or three rows above the sjmphysis and a single lateral 

 one. In a triangular patch on the vomer, in a long elliptical band on the palatines, and a wide one along the 

 tongue. Fins — spines of first dorsal of moderate strength, the third to the fifth highest and equal to 2/5 of the 

 height of the body : second dorsal highest anteriorly where it equals from If to about 1/2 the height of the 

 body. Posteriorly it has from eight to ten detached rays. Pectoral falciform and longer than the head, 

 reaching to about the 20th plate on the lateral-line. Ventral reaches rather above 1/2 way to the pre-anal 

 spines. Anal similar in form to the second dorsal but rather lower and having from 7 to 8 free rays posterior to it. 

 Caudal deeply forked. Scales — consist of about 78 rows, 55 of which are large plates. They are on the cheeks, 

 upper edge of opercle, and top of head, there is only a naiTOw band in the central line in front of the ventral fin, 

 otherwise the chest in front of it is scaleless : they also form a low sheath over the bases of the soft dorsal and 

 anal fins. Lateral-line — at first makes a strong curve, the height of which equals half its length, it becomes 

 straight below the middle of the first dorsal fin where wide plates commence, the highest equalling from 1/2 to 

 2/5 of the height of the body, they are most strongly keeled over the free portion of the tail which is strongly 

 depressed. Colours — back glossy-green, abdomen silvery tinged -n-ith yellow : a large black spot on the upper 

 and posterior portion of the opercle. Fins yellow, dorsal and anal tipped with black : upper half of pectoral 

 darker than the lower. 



In a young specimen 1 Jj inches in length the angle and lower edge of the preopercle are crennlated, and 

 crenulations are still visible in one 4 inches long. 



* L. I. or lateral-line in this genus only refers to the number of keeled scales along its course. 



