FAMILY, XVI— CARANGID^. 233 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. Trachynofus BaiUonn, D. 6-7 | 2-2^27. ^- 2 | t^-yt- Short ventral fins, caudal from 3^ to 31 in the total 

 length : 3 to 5 small black spots on the lateral-line. Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



2. Tracliynotus Eussdlii, D. 6 | -^l^-g, A. 2 | ^V- Comparatively long ventral fins : caudal 4^ to 4j in the 

 total length : 3 to 5 large and dull roundish blotches above the lateral-line. Seas of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago. 



3. Trarhynotus ovalus, D. 6-7 | t¥-2T> -^- 2 | ttt^tt- Golden, vnthout blotches. Red Sea, seas of India 

 to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. Also found in the Atlantic, between Africa and America. 



1. Trachynotus Baillonii, Plate LI, A. fig. 4. 



Ccesiomorus Baillonii, Lacep. iii, p. 93, pi. 3. fig. 1. 

 Ccesiomorus quadripunctattis, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 90, pi. 24, f. 1. 

 Trachinotus quadripunctatus, Cuv. and Val. viii, p. 434 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 122. 



Trachinotus Bailloni, Cuv. and Val. viii, p. 431 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 484 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 98 ; 

 Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 18 71, p. 449. 



Vella oodoo and Parruvu, Mai. ; Mookalee, Tamil. 



B. vii, D. 6-7 1 22I2T, P- I'', V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^i^, C. 19, Ca?c. pyl. 12, Vert. 9/12. 



Length of head 5^- to 5|, of pectoral one-eighth, of caudal 3^ to 3 i, height of body from one-third to 3 j in 

 the total length. Eyes — diameter 2/7 to 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1\ apart. 

 Body elevated and strongly compressed : jaws of equal length : the maxilla nearly reaches to beneath the 

 centre of the orbit. Teeth — card-like in both jaws, on vomer, and palatines. Fins — the first dorsal spines 

 moderately strong : second dorsal and anal are very much produced in front, and if laid backwards those of the 

 dorsal reach to nearly the end of that fin : those of the anal to its posterior extremity : whilst the last fifteen 

 rays are parallel with the back and abdomen. Pectoral as long as the head, excluding the snout. Ventral 

 small, equalling 1^ diameters of the orbit. Caudal with deeply produced lobes, the upper slightlj' the longer, 

 the central rays 1/4 the length of the outer ones. Scales — small, placed in sinuous lines. Lateral -I ine —nenrlj 

 straight, and in simple tubes. Colours — upper surface of bead and back of a silvery yellowish-green, becoming 

 lighter on the sides, and silvery-white on the abdomen, opercles, and cheeks. Lobes of dorsal, anal, and caudal 

 black, some white likewise on those of the tail : a row of three to five deep black blotches along the sides and 

 on the lateral-line. 



Hahitat. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago : it attains at 

 least 20 inches in length. The specimen figiu'ed is 13 inches long and from Aden. 



2. Trachynotus Russellii, Plate LI, B. fig. 3. 



Scomber lotla parah, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 32, pi. 142. 



Scomber lotla, Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 591.* 



TracMnotus Bussellii, Cuv. and Val. viii, p. 436 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 136. 



Tracliinotus obloncjus, Cuv. and Val. viii, p. 437 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 484. 



B. vii, D. 6 I ■^\-^, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^o^^, C. 17. 



Length of head one-fifth to 5f, of caudal one-fourth to 4|, height of body 3i to 3f in the total 

 length. Eyes — diameter Sj to 3f in the length of head, about 1 diameter from end of snout, and \% apart. 

 Dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex, snout obtuse. Height of head equals its length. Jaws of 

 about equal length, the cleft of the mouth commences opposite the middle or lower third of the front edge of the 

 orbit, and the maxilla reaches to beneath the centre of the eye. Preorbital at its widest part equals the width 

 of the maxilla. Central longitudinal crest on the head well developed. Teeth — fine ones on jaws, vomer, 

 and palatines, even in fish 22 inches long. Fi7i.s — spines of first dorsal of moderate strength : anterior rays of 

 second dorsal prolonged, equalling 2/3 or 3/4 of the length of the base of the fin, and being similar to those of 

 the anal. Pectoral rounded, as long as the head without the snout, or behind the middle of the eyes. Ventrals 

 as long as the postorbital portion of the head in the adult, rather longer in the young, they reach above half- 

 way to the anal in the young, but are not quite so long in the adult. Caudal deeply forked, the central 

 rays equalling 1/3 of those of the longest outer ones in the young, but 1/4 or even less in the adult. Scales — 

 in irregular rows, small. Lateral-line — nearly straight. Colours — greenish, dashed with yellow on the back, 

 becoming more golden on the sides and beneath : usually a dark blotch at the upper margin of opercle 

 and commencement of the lateral-line. From 3 to 5 large, dull, rounded blotches a little distance above the 

 lateral-line, but which often disappear after death : they are much darker and more persistent in the adult 

 than in the young : elongated portions of dorsal and anal fins, also lobes of caudal, orange stained with black. 



This species can at once be distinguished from T. Baillonii by the spots being above, not on, the lateral- 

 line, and by its much longer ventral fins. 



Amongst Sir Walter Elliot's dra-n-ings of Indian Fishes is one of this genus, having the dorsals black, and 

 a black band along the anal. The soft dorsal is scarcely higher than the spinous, but the figui-e is scarcely 

 2 inches in length. 



Hahitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. It is not uncommon at Madras, my largest specimen 

 being 22 inches long, from Canara : specimen figured 13 inches long. 



* Shaw obseri-es " var. ? pi. 137" in RusseU'a Fish. Vizag. which is Chorinemus toloo. 



