258 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



transverse laminEe, liaving a tooth-like posterior margin to cacli, -wliilst along the central line runs a smootli 

 elevation so that the vacuum may be confined to only one half of the disk. The most anterior of the lamina; are 

 directed slightly forwards, the second quarter are neai'ly transverse, and the posterior go backwards, the 

 difference between each and the one succeeding it being very gradual. External to this di.sk is a wide fleshy 

 membrane, which posteriorly extends to over the occiput, but anteriorly does not reach as far as the end of the 

 upper jaw, the whole acting as a sucker. Maxilla extending about as far as the anterior margin of the orbit in 

 the immature, or to only beneath the third lamina in a specimen 2^- feet in length. Mandibula pointed and 

 covered superiorly with numerous rows of villiform teeth, forming a ti'iangular toothed space in advance of the 

 upper jaw, which last is pointed. Fins — pectoral situated over the posterior margin of the opercle, and opposite 

 the posterior quarter of the bony disk. First dorsal forming the disk : second dorsal and anal opposite one another, 

 both highest in front, where the rays equal from 2{r to 2§ the length of the disk, outer edge of both fins rather 

 concave, and the last rays slightly produced. Ventral pointed, and placed almost horizontally. Caudal with its 

 posterior margin sti-aig'ht, but having four short notches at its extremity. Scales — minute. Lateral-liiie — 

 rather undulating. Colours — generally brownish gray, with the external margins of the caudal and the anterior 

 tips of the dorsal and anal fins edged with white : pectoral of a deep brown : anal tipped with dark brown : 

 centre of caudal nearly black. Sometimes a blackish band along the middle of the side. 



Eahitat. — Red Sea, seas of India, Malay Archipelago, and tropical and temperate seas generally: 

 attains at least 3 feet in length : tliis is the commonest form in the Indian seas, the one fignred is 8 inches 

 in length. 



2. Echeneis remora. 



Bcmora imperati, Willughby, Append, p. 5, t. ix, f. 2. 



Echeneis remora, Linn.'Syst. i, p. 446 ; Gmel. Linn. 1187 ; Bloch, ii, p. 1.34, pi. 172 ; Bl. Schn. p. 240 ; 

 Lacep. iii, pp. 146, 147, t. ix, f . 1 ; Shaw, Zool. iv. p. 202, pi. 31 ; Temm. and Schleg, Fauna Japon. Poissons, 

 p. 271 ; Lowe, Trans. Zool. Soc. iii, p. 16 ; Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, p. 142 ; Giinther, Ann. and Mag. May, 1860, 

 p. 390, and Catal. ii, p. 378 (see Synon.) ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 146; Bleeker, Madagascar, p. 99. 



Echeneis Jacobcea and paUida, Lowe, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 89. 



Echeneis renioroides, Bleeker, Batoe, ii, p. 70. 



Echeneis parva, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 92. 



? Echeneis horhoniensis, Guich. in Maillard, Reunion, Append, p. 19. 



B. vii, D. 17-18 | 22-24, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 24-26, C. 17, Csec. pyl. 6, Vert. 12/15. 



Leno-th of head 4^, with disk 1/3, of disk alone 3j, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/9, breadth between 

 pectoral fins 1/6 to 1/7, length of pectoi-als 7f, of ventrals 8j in the total length. Eijes — situated in the 

 centre of the length of the head, ?^\ diameters from end of snout, and 6 apart superiorly. Mouth rounded. 

 Teeth — the outer lateral row in the lower jaw enlarged. Fins — first dorsal or disk in its widest part equals half 

 its leno-th. Second dorsal commences midway between the base of the pectoral and the base of the caudal, its 

 hig-hest rays equal the length of the head excluding the snout. Anal opposite the second dorsal. Caudal 

 forked in a specimen 9 inches long. Colours — bro-mi. 



Habitat. — Seas of temperate and tropical regions. 



3. Echeneis brachyptera, Plate LV, fig. 3. 



Lowe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1839, p. 89 ; and Trans. Zool. Soc. p. 17 ; Giinther, Ann. and Mag. May, 1860, 

 p. 399, and Catal. ii, p. 378. 



Echeneis sexdecim-lamellata, Eydoux et Gervais, Voy. Favor, v, Zool. p. 77, pi. xxxi. 



Echeneis pallida, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 271, pi. 120, f. 2, 3. 



Echeneis Nieuhofii, Bleeker, Sumatra, ii, p. 279. 



B. vii, D. 15-16 I 26-32, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 24-27, C. 17. 



Length of head 4i, including disk 3f , of disk alone 4|, of caudal &\, height of body 8^, width at 

 pectorals 6|- to 7^, length of jiectoral 1/10, of ventral 7^ in the total length. £^es— diameter 2i in the 

 postorbital portion of the head, 2^ diameters from end of snout, 31 apart superiorly, and 3 interiorly. Upper 

 jaw rather angular : the maxilla reaches posteriorly to below the front edge of the eye or beneath the fourth 

 'lamina of the'disk. Teetli — the outer lateral row in the lower jaw is somewhat enlarged. Fins — greatest width 

 of disk equals half its length. The second dorsal commences midway between the posterior edge of the eye 

 and the base of the caudal, its his-hest portion equals the postorfiital length of the head. The anal commences 

 on a vertical below the third or fourth dorsal ray to which fin it is similar. Caudal very slightly emarginate. 

 (Scales — rudimentary. Colours — of a light brown with the posterior edge of the caudal whitish. 



Habitat.— Seas of India to China, also Madeira, and the coasts of North America and Brazil. The 

 specimen figui-ed (life-size) is from Madras. 



4. Echeneis albescens, Plate LVII, fig. 2. 



Echeneis albescens, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. p. 272, pi. 120, f. 3 ; Giinther, Catal. ii,__p. 377. 

 Echeneis clypeata, Giinther, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, May, 1860, p. 40l ; and Catal. ii, p. 376. 

 ? Echeneis lophioides, Guich. in Maill. Reunion, App. p. 20. 



