322 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



I. GtU-opening small, superior. Lateral-line single. 



1. Callionymus longicaudatus. 



Callioni/mus Japonicus, Houtt. Verh. Holl. Maats. Wet. Haarl. xx, p. 313; Gmel. Linn. p. 1155; Bl. 

 Schn. p. 40; Richards. Ich. China, p. 210 (not Val.). 



Callionymus lomjicaudatus, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. lijl, pi. 76, f. 1 and 2, and pi. 79 

 A, fig. 1 ; Bleeker, Japan, p. 17; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 148. 



CaUionymus Beeresii, Richards. Voy. Sulph. Fishes, p. GO, pi. 3G, f. 1 and 3, and Ich. China, p. 210 ; 

 Bleeker, Ceram. iii, p. 244, and Japan, p. 44. 



Callionymus varieyatus. Tern, and Schleg. 1. c. p. 153 (female). 



Callionymus Belcheri, Richards. Voy. Sulph. p. 62, pi. 37, f. 1 and 2. 



B. V, D. 4 I 9, P. 20, V. 5, A. 9, C. 10. 



Length of head 4^, of caudal 3, height of body 12 in the total length. Eyes— close together, diameter 

 4^ in length of head, H diameters from end of snout. The greatest width of the head equals its length 

 excluding the snout. The cleft of the mouth reaches to half way below the anterior edge of the eye. 

 Preopercular spine straight, as long as the diameter of the eye, with from five to about ten denticulations 

 internally, and one at its base pointing anteriorly. Gill-opening small, on the upper surface of the head. 

 Numerous rows of warts on the head. Tee^/t— vilHform in both jaws. Lateral-line— single. Fins—spmesof 

 the first dorsal, in the male, filiform, extending some distance beyond the membrane, and about twice as high as 

 the body : caudal very elongate. In the female, the first dorsal spines are short, and the caudal of moderate 

 length. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout, ventral longer. Caudal lanceolate. Colours — bufi', 

 with light rounded dot's over the head and body, which occasionally have darker edges. First dorsal grayish, 

 and four rows of spots along the second dorsal : caudal banded in spots. Anal with a black white-edged band 

 externally. Yentrals grayish. 



Richardson remarked, "I strongly suispect that Houttuyn's fish is identical with that which I have 

 considered to be the female of C. Bvcvcsii, though the caudal fin is longer than in Jlr. Vachell's specimens, and 

 shorter than that of the male figured in the Ichthyology of the Voyage of the Sulphur." 



Bleeker observes that specimens fi-om China have blackish spots on the second dorsal and pectoral 

 (G. Reevesii), which are wanting in those from Japan (C. longicaudatus) . 



Giinther states "some of the young specimens have the preopercular spine a little more coarsely 

 denticulated and slightly bent outwards. These have been called by Sir J. Richardson C. Belcheri." 



Habitat. -Yrom the East coast of Africa, Andamans to the Malay Archipelago, China and beyond. It 

 attains at least 13 inches in length. 



2. Callionymus sagitta, Plate LXVIII, fig. 5 (female). 

 Pall. Spic. viii, p. 29, t. 4, f. 4, 5 ; Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 301 ; Bleeker, Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. i, 1850, p. 31 ; 

 Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 143 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 146. 



Callionymus serrato-spinosus, Gray and Hard. 111. Indian Zool. (Jemale). 



B. V, D. 4 I 9, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 9, C. 12. 



Length of head 3^ to 3|, of caudal 5^, height of body 9 in the total length. i?(/es— diameter 1/5 to 1/7 

 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and closely approximating superiorly. Head large, broad, and 

 stronofly depressed, its gi-eatest width equalling its length excluding the snout : occiput rugose, as if pitted by 

 thimble marks. The maxilla from 3^ to 4 times in the length of the head, and scarcely reaches to below front 

 edge of eye. Preopercular spine stout, as long as one diameter of the eye, and armed with four or five large 

 curvedt eeth dii-ected inwards and slightly upwards, whilst a fifth at its'base is directed forwards, the females 

 have the least number of teeth, sometimes only three inner ones are present, rarely above four. GUI-openings 

 small, on the upper surface of the head. Fins — fii'st dorsal with its anterior rays elongated (in the male) half as 

 long as the body, but in the female rather low. Lateral-line— smgle. C'oZoiu-s— head and cheeks covered with 

 small black dots surrounded by a white edge : back grayish, covered with small ocellated spots : sometimes six 

 or eight black blotches along the middle of the sides, abdomen whitish. Dorsal fins of a light gi-ay covered with 

 ocelli, the first with a wide black edge in the female. Pectoral and ventral both spotted. Caudal with some 

 black spots and whitish ocelli. Anal white in the male, with a black outer border. 



Habitat.— Seas of India and Mauritius, the female specimen figured (life-size) is from Madras. It attains 

 at least 4 inches in length. 



3. Callionymus fluviatilis. 



B. V, D. 4 I 10, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. 9, C. 11. 



Length of head Si, of caudal 51, height of body 7 in the total length. Eyes— diameter 1/4 of length of 

 head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1/4 of a diameter apart: the interorbital space rather concave. Head 

 depressed, its greatest width equalling its length behind the eyes : occiput rugose. Maxilla nearly half as long 

 as the head, and reaching to below the first third of the eye : lower jaw very nan-ow at its apex. Preoperciilar 

 spine strong, as long as the orbit, and armed internally with two or three curved teeth and one more pointing 



