FAMILY, XXVIII— CALLIONTMID^. 323 



forward at its base. Gill-openings small, on the upper surface of the head. Fins — first dorsal low and of about 

 equal height to the second, which equals about 1^ diameters of the orbit. Lateral-line — single. Colours — 

 gi-ayish, upper portion of body gray ocellated with white, some brown spots along the upper surface of the 

 lateral-hue. First dorsal black, or only spotted, second with foui- or five rows of spots. Upper half of caudal 

 spotted. Anal colourless. 



This river and estuary species is allied to C. sagitta, whose female it closely resembles, but differs in its 

 head not being so ^vide, having less denticulations to the preopercular spine internally, and its maxilla being 

 very much longer. The male does not appear to have the rays of the fii'st dorsal prolonged. 



Habitat. — Hooghly at Calcutta to 3 inches in length. 



II. Gill-opening lateral and more dilated. Lateral-line single. 

 4. Callionymus lineolatus, Plate LXVIII, fig. 3. 

 Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 307 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc, 1851, p. 142 ; Gunther, Catal. iii, p. l-i9. 

 .f Callionymus lateralis, Rich. Voy. Sulph. Fish. p. 65, pi. 37, f. 5 and 6. 



B. V, D. 4/8, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 7-8, C. 11. 



Length of head 4| to 5, of ventral 4, of caudal 4|, height of body 6 in the total length. J? i/es— diameter 

 1/4 of length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of snout, 1/3 of a diameter apait. Greatest width 

 of head nearly equals its length. The maxilla reaches to below the anterior 1/3 of the orbit. Preopercular 

 spine strong, equalling the diameter of the orbit in length, and having two teeth at the external third of its 

 inner side, and none at its base directed forwards. Gill-openings are almost covered by the end of the opercle, 

 which is not produced. Teeth — in minute rows in both jaws. Fins — first dorsal (in the male) high, from 1/3 to 

 2/5 of the total length, the anterior spine the longest, all being weak, in the female this fin is 1/3 less high than 

 in the male : the anterior rays of the second dorsal shorter than the posterior ones, all of which are branched, 

 the last to its base: anal of somewhat similar form, but shorter. Scales — absent. Lateral-line — single. 

 Colours— &ve or six grayish bands cross the back, and are continued down the sides : one more crosses the 

 head. Mouth and lower surface of head scarlet. Three or four irregular transverse white spots with 

 dark edges, also some round ones over the upper half of the first dorsal fin, in the female usually only round 

 spots on the first dorsal fin. Three oblique brown bands on the ventral and caudal. Anal red, with a dark 

 edge, and having two or three blue, white- or black-edged spots behind each ray. 



Habitat.— Madras and Reunion, to about 4 inches in length. The one figured (life-size) is fi-om Madras. 



5. Callionymus Orientalis. 

 Bl. Schn. p. 41, t. vi ; Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 297. 



D. 4 (3 ?) I 10, P. 4 ?, V. 7 ?, A. 12, C. 8 ?. 



Preopercular spine short, having three teeth. Fins—ihe first i-ay of the first dorsal equals 1/2 the total 

 length, and the second little shorter : "second dorsal and anal nearly double the height of the body : pectoral 

 about 1/4, and caudal more than 1/5 of the total length. Colotirs—ov&nge, with black spots, and a few smaller 

 white ones sparsely scattered amongst them. Dorsal and anal vrith. round brown spots between their rays, also 

 white points on the first of these fins : anal tinged with blackish, especially towards its margin : three brown or 

 black bands across the pectoral, and five on the caudal : ventrals gray. 



This species I have not obtained unless it is a male C. lineolatus, incorrectly described and figured. 



Habitat. — Tranquebar, to 6 inches in length. 



6. Callionymus opercularis. 

 Cuv. and Val. xii, p. 305 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 151. 



B. V, D. 4 I 9, P. 19, V. 1/5, A. 9, C. 11. 



Length of head 3i to 4, of caudal 5 'to 51, height of body 6 in the total length, i/f/es— diameter 1/5 of 

 length of head, 1 to 1.^ diameters apart, and the same distance from the end of snout. Head wide and flat, its 

 greatest width equalling its length excluding the snout: two stellated sets of smooth ridges on the 

 occiput. The maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the eye. Preopercular spine strong, slightly curved, 

 as long as the diameter of the eye, and having six teeth internally, none at its base pointing forwards. Gill- 

 opening oval, covered by the produced extremity of the opercle. Tee^/t— pointed, in several rows, the largest 

 of which is the inner one. Fijis— dorsal fin not produced, half as high as the body, the second a little higher. 

 Lateral-line— single, over the free portion of the tail the one on one side communicates with that on the other. 

 Cy?o?«-s— brownish anteriorly, dotted with points of a shghtly darker colour. First dorsal brown, rays of the 

 second and those on the upper border of the pectoral and caudal fins have browTi points on a pale ground 

 colour. Lower surface of the body and the anal whitish or pale gray. Ventrals blackish. 



ffaii^ai.— Coromandel coast of India, attaining at least 4 inches in length, said to be verycommon in 

 the Arian-coupan river at Pondicherry from November to January, but very rare during the remainder of the 

 year. I have taken it both at Pondicherry and Madras. 



2 T 2 



