FAMILY, XXXIV— MUGILID^. 349 



2. Mugil cunnesius, Plate LXXIV, fig. 3. 



Mugil Jcurmesee, Russell, Fisli. Vizag. ii, p. 65, pi. 181. 



Mmjil cunnesius, Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 114 (? Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 131) ; (Cantor, Catal. p. 100, not syn.) ; 

 Bleeker, Banka, p. 454, and Sumatra, p. 8 ; (Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 434, not .syn.). 

 ? Mugil squamipinnis, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 414. 

 Mugil longimanus, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 428. 

 Mugil engeli, Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 139 (not Bleeker). 



B. vi, D. 4 I i, P. 16, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 14, L. 1. 33-35, L. tr. 12. 



Length, of head 5j to 6J, of caudal h^, height of body 4^ in the total length. Eye — -with a broad posterior 

 adipose Ud reaching 2/3 across the ii-is, also a nai-row anterior one, diameter 2/7 to 1/4 of length of head, 2/3 of 

 a diameter fi'om end of snout, and 1-^- apart. Width of head equals its length behind the front edge or middle 

 of the eye, and its height is about the same. Preorbital bent not notched, finely serrated inferiorly 

 and denticulated at its extremity, the end of the maxilla is entirely concealed or just visible, the depth of the 

 cleft of the mouth equals half the width of the gape. Mandibles meet at an acute angle, where tliey are notched 

 upper lip thin and placed obliquely so that it does not form a poi'tion of the end of the snout. Uncovered 

 space below the chin naiTow and lanceolate. Teei/i!— minute in both jaws. Fins — first dorsal commences 

 rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, its spines are moderately strong and equal the leno-th of the 

 head behind the middle of the eyes, but are not quite so high as the second dorsal fin. Second dorsal 

 commences over the commencement of the second-third of the anal, the length of its base equals 2/3 

 of its height. Pectoral arises above the middle of the depth of the body and is as long as the head. Anal as 

 high as the second dorsal, and 1/4 higher than long at its base, third anal spine nearly half as long 

 as the head. Caudal lunated. Scales — 18 rows between the snout and base of first dorsal fin, the tenth and 

 twentieth of the lateral-line correspond with the origins of the two dorsal fins. Scales on preorbital, 

 second dorsal, anal, and caudal fins : an elongated axillary scale well-developed. The least depth of the free 

 portion of the tail equals 4/7 of the length of the head. Colours — silvery, darkest above, with a dark spot in 

 the axilla. 



I have specimens from Orissa slightly differing in that the eye is 1 diameter from the end of snout, and 

 the upper lip forms the end of the profile. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The one figured (life-size) is 

 from Bombay. It attains a large size. 



3. Mugil carinatus, Plate LXXIV, fig. 2. 



(Ehrenb.) Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 148 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 145. 

 B. vi, D. 4 I 1, P. 1.5, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 14, L. 1. 34-36, L. tr. 11. 



Length of head 4j to 4^, of caudal 4| to 6i, height of body 5 to 5i in the total length. Eye — with a ' 

 broad posterior adipose lid nearly reaching the pupil, and a narrower anterior one, diameter 4i in the lenoth 

 of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1^ apart : the interorbital space nearly flat and equal to 

 nearly 1/3 of the length of the head. Width of head equals its length behind the eye. Preorbital scaleless, 

 moderately bent and serrated along the last portion of its inferior and hind edges, the end of the maxilla 

 uncovered. Ends of the mandibles form an acute angle which is unnotehed, and inferiorly havino- the 

 origin of a large gland on either side : uncovered space below the chin of moderate width, rather rounded 

 anteriorly and pointed postei'iorly. Upper lip rather thick and forms the end of the snout. A transverse 

 groove before the vomer. Teeth — distinct in the upper jaw, none in the lower. Fwis— dorsal spines weak, and 

 of about equal strength, the fin commences very sliglitly nearer the snout than the base of the caudal fin, the first 

 dorsal spine equals the length of the head behind the eye, and is one-third higher than the second 

 dorsal fin, which latter is emarginate and one-third higher than long at its base. Pectoral as long as the head 

 behind the middle of the eye. Ventral arises on a vertical line midway between the bases of the pectoral and 

 first dorsal fins. Anal as high as the spinous dorsal and 1/3 higher than long at its base, it commences slio-htly 

 before that fin : third anal spine 2/7 of the length of the head and 1/4 longer than the second. Caudal 

 lunated. Scales — 24 or 25 rows between the first dorsal fin and the snout, the first and second dorsal fins 

 arise above the ninth and twenty-first scales of the lateral line : some fine ones over the front portion of the 

 soft dorsal and anal fins, no enlarged one in the axilla. The scales from the base of the first dorsal fin 

 to the occiput form a short of keeled ridge. Free poi'tion of the tail equal to 2/5 of the length of the head. 

 Colours — grayish above, silvery on the sides and below, cheeks golden, numerous fine black spots on the head, 

 both dorsals and caudal fins, base of pectoral also with some spots. 



In one of the type specimens the length of the caudal fin is 4i, height of body 4} in the total leno-th. 



Habitat. — Red Sea and seas of India. The one figured (life-size) is from Bombay. 



