FAMILY, XXXIV— MUGILID^. 353 



of snout, and 2 apart. The greatest widtli of tlie liead equals its lieiglit, or its length excluding the 

 snout. The profile from the first dorsal fin to the snout nearly horizontal. Preorbital scaled, bent, emarginate, 

 and denticulated both inferiorly and posteriorly: the end of the maxilla is not concealed. Upper lip 

 moderately thin and forms a portion of the front end of the snout. The mandibles form an obtuse angle, the 

 uncovered space on the chin is lanceolate : gape of mouth twice as broad as the cleft is deep. Teeth — distinct 

 in the upper jaw. Fins — the first dorsal commences midway between the front edge of the eye and the base of 

 the caudal fin, its spines are strong, the first the longest and strongest, equaUiug the length of the head behind 

 the middle of the eye, and rather higher than the second dorsal. Pectoral inserted above the middle 

 of the depth of the body, as long as the head excluding the snout, and reaching to the seventh scale of the 

 lateral-line. Anal having its anterior half situated before the commencement of the second dorsal, its 

 third spine equals 3/8 of the length of the head, and is 1/4 longer than the second. Caudal emarginate. 

 Scales — their exposed portion angular, no enlarged elongated one in the axilla, but one at the first dorsal and 

 ventral fins : 18 rows of scales between the snout and the base of the first dorsal fin : the ninth and twentieth 

 scales of the lateral-line correspond to the oi'igins of the first and second dorsal fins : second dorsal, 

 anal, and caudal densely scaled. Free portion of the tail in its lowest portion equalUng 2/3 of the length 

 of the head. Colours — dull greenish superiorly, becoming lighter on the sides and beneath : outer edge of 



caudal dark. 



Hamilton Buchanan has left a MS. figure of this species, which is closely allied to, if not identical with, 

 M. subviridis, C. V. : the latter however has no teeth in the jaws in the typical specimen which is at Paris. 



Habitat. — Seas of India, entering fi-esh water. The specimen figured is from the Hooghly at Calcutta. 



11. Mngil subviridis. 



Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 115 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 138. 



B. vi, D. 4 I i, P. 16, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 15, L. 1. 30, L. tr. 11. 



Length of head 6, of caudal 6i, height of body 4f in the total length. iJye— with a broad posterior and 

 narrow anterior adipose Hd, diameter of eye 1/4 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, and 

 If apart. Preorbital strongly bent and serrated, the end of the maxilla visible. Uncovered space 

 below the chin narrow and lanceolate. Teeth — absent. Fins — 20 rows of scales between the snout and 

 first dorsal fin. Pectoral reaches to the seventh scale of the lateral-line. Scales — exposed portion angular, 

 tenth and twentieth scales of lateral-line correspond to the origins of first and second dorsal fins. Second 

 dorsal and anal densely scaled. No elongated ax diary scale. Colours — as in M. Dussumieri. 



Habitat.— The type specimen of Cuv. and Val. described above was from the Ganges. 



12. Mugil oeur, Plate LXXV, fig. 3. 



Mugil oAr, Forsk. p. 74 (109, c.) ; Riippell, N. W. Fische, p. 131. 



Mugil cephalus, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 64, and Bontah, pi. 180. 



Mugil cephalotus, Cuv. and Val. xi, p. 110 ; Cantor, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, ix, 1842, p. 484 (not Catal. 

 Malay. Fish.) ; Eyd. and Soul. Voy. Bonite, Zool. i, p. 175, pi. 4, f. 4 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 419 ; Kner, 

 Novara Fische, p. 224 (Bleeker, Fish. Madagas. p. 45, t. 2, f. 1, not synon.). 



Mugil Japonicus, Tern, and Schleg. Fauna Japon. p. 134, pi. 72, f. 1 ; Richards. Ich. China, p. 247 ; 

 Bleeker, Japan, p. 41. 



Mugil macrolepidotus, Richards. Ich. China, p. 249. 



Mugil bontah, Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 48. 



Mugil cunnerius, Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 136, (not Cuv. and Val.). 



Mugil oeur, Klonz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1370, p. 829. 



B. vi, D. 4 I I, P. 15. V. 1/5, A. |, C. 15, L. 1. 42-44, L. tr. 14. 



Length of head 4i- to 4|, of caudal 4f , height of body 5i to 5| in the total length. Eyes — with broad 

 anterior and posterior adipose lids, both of which reach the pupU, diameter 4| in length of head, 1 diameter 

 from end of snout, and 2| apart. Interorbital space flat and its width equal to half the length of the 

 head : the dorsal profile from the snout to the base of the first dorsal fin is nearly horizontal. The greatest 

 width of the head equals its length behind the middle of the eyes. Preorbital scaled, neither notched nor bent, 

 its lower and posterior edges serrated, the maxilla only visible as a narrow strip or even qiiite concealed. 

 Upper lip thin, and in the mesial line forms the front end of the snout. The mandibles join at a right angle, are 

 notched at their point of junction and have two small open glands beneath them. Uncovered space on chin 

 rather broad and rounded anteriorly, narrow and lanceolate posteriorly. The extent of the cleft of the mouth 

 is a little more than half the width of its gape. Tee</i— distinct in both jaws. Fins— the first and second dorsal 

 fins commence above the twelfth and twenty-fifth scales of the lateral-line. The origin of the first dorsal is 

 midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, its spines are rather strong, the first is as long 

 as the head behind the eye, and sligh.tly exceeds the height of the second dorsal, the extent of the 

 base of which last fin equals three-fourths of its height. Pectoral situated above the middle of the depth of the 

 body, as long as the head behind the eye and extending to the eleventh scale of the lateral-line. Anal arises 

 opposite the second dorsal, is of equal height, but its base is slightly longer, both fins ai-e emarginate. Caudal 

 with pointed lobes. Scales — rounded, a rather large pointed axillary one and another along the base cf the first 



