358 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



No groove before the vomer. TedJi—'m the upper jaw. Fins — .spines of first dorsal strong, arising rather 

 nearer the base of the caudal fin than the end of the snout, as high as the second dorsal or the length of the 

 head behind the middle of the eyes. Second dorsal about twice as high as its base is lono-. Pectoral 

 as long as the head excluding the snout. Anal 3/4 as long as high, -with its first 3/4 in advance of the second 

 dorsal, which fin it equals in height. Caudal emarginate. Scales — with their exposed portions formino' half an 

 irregular hexagon, 21 rows between the snout and base of dorsal fin, eleventh and twenty-second of 

 the lateral-line coiTespond to the origins of the first and second dorsal fins. Scales on second dorsal and anal. 

 A short angular one in the axilla. Free portion of tail equals the postorbital length of the head. Colours — 

 olive along the back, lighter on the sides and beneath : a diill blotch in the axilla, second dorsal and caudal 

 dark externally, anal white. 



Habitat. — Seas of India, ascending rivers. 



23. Mugil Buchanani. 



Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 99. 



Miirjil Ceylonensis, Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 446. 



B. vi, D. 4 I I, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 14, L. 1. 34-35, L. tr. 12. 



Length of head 41, of caudal 4!, height of body 4J in the total length. Eyes — without adipose Uds, 

 diameter 1/4 of length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout : the width of the interorbital space equals 

 2/5 of the length of the head. Profile from dorsal fin to snout descends in rather a curve : interorbital space 

 slightly convex. Snout obtuse, upper lip thin and forming the end of snout. Preorbital with a slight notch, 

 its extremity rounded and denticulated, end of maxilla concealed. The mandibles form an obtuse angle, the 

 depth of the cleft equalling 1/3 of the extent of the gape. Uncovered space below the chin verv narrow. 

 Fins — first dorsal somewhat nearer base of candal than end of snout, its spines equal the length of the postorbital 

 portion of the head, and are 1/3 shorter than the rays. Second dorsal twice as high as long, it and the 

 anal arise opposite each other and are of equal height. Pectoral inserted above the middle of the depth of the 

 body, it is nearly as long as the head, and reaches the ninth scale of the lateral-line. Caudal deeply forked. 

 Scales — not angailar, 19 rows between the snout and base of the first dorsal fin, the eighth and nineteenth scales 

 of the lateral-line correspond to the origins of the first and second dorsal fins. Second dorsal and anal 

 scaled. A short, pointed, axillary scale. Free portion of tail in its least depth equals half the length of the 

 head. Colours — greenish superiorly, becoming silvery on the sides and beneath, a dark spot superiorly at the 

 base of the pectoral fin. 



Dr. Bleeker showed me his type of this species which agrees with M. Ceylonensis. 



Habitat. — East coast of Africa, seas of India, ascendimr rivers. It attains above a foot in length. 



24. Mugil Troschellii. 



Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. xvi, p. 277, and Sumatra, viii, p. 80 ; Giinther, Catal. iii, p. 448. 

 B. vi, D. 4 I 1, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. I, C. 15, L. 1. 31-33, L. tr. 11, Crec. pyl. iv. 



Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal 5 to 5^, height of body 4|- to 5 in the total length. Eyes — without 

 adipose lids, diameter 2/7 of length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1^ apart. Interorbital 

 space nearly flat, its ^vidth equals 2j in the length of the head. Height of head equals its length behind the 

 front edge of the pupil of the eye, whilst its width is rather less. Preorbital scaled, emarginate, and strongly 

 serrated along its lower and posterior edges : maxiUa bent, and its end uncovered. Upper lip moderately thick 

 and forming the end of the snout. Slandibles meet at an obtuse angle, cleft of the mouth equals 2/6 

 of the extent of the gape. Uncovered space below the chin narrow, elongated, rounded anteriorly, and 

 constricted along the sides. Teeth — distinct in the upper jaw. Fiiis — dorsal arises midway between the front 

 edge of the eye and the base of the caudal, its spines are rather strong, equal 3/5 of the length of the head, and 

 are as high as the second dorsal. Second dor.sal twice as high as long, emarginate. Pectoral nearly as long as 

 the head excluding the snout. Anal has its anterior third or half in front of the base of the second dorsal, it is 

 1/4 higher than its base is long, its lower edge emarginate. Caudal lunated. Scales — 18 or 19 rows 

 between snout and base of first dorsal fin : ninth and eighteenth scales of the lateral-b'ne correspond to the 

 origins of the first and second dorsal fins. Second dorsal and anal scaled. A short scale in the axilla. 

 Free portion of the tail in its lowest part eqiials half the length of the head. Colours — silvery, sometimes 

 a darkish spot at the upper edge of the base of the pectoral fin. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Arcliipelago. 



25. Mugil oligolepis, Plate LXXVI, fig. 2. 



Bleeker, Nat. Tijds. Ned. Ind. 1858, p. 275, Act. Soc. Ned. Ind. vi, Borneo, xiii, p. 40 ; Gunther, Catal. 

 iii, p. 449. 



B. vi, D. 4 I i, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. |, C. 16, L. 1. 26-28, L. tr. 10. 



Length of head 4f, of caudal 4|, height of body 3f in the total length. Eyes — without adipose lids, 

 diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1^ apart. Interorbital space nearly flat, and 

 its width equal to the length of the postorbital portion of the head. Height of head equals its length excluding 

 the snout, its width a little less. Dorsal profile from above pectoral fin to the snout rather steep. Preorbital 



