FAMILY, XLI— LABRID^. 391 



17. Scarklithys. Teeth in one row anteriorly soldered together, row in mandibles oljlique. Dorsal with 

 nine spines. Scales large, a row on cheek. Lateral-line continuous. Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



18. Gaily odon. Teeth anteriorly imbricated. Dorsal fin with nine, anal with two spines. Scales 

 large, a single row on cheeks. Lateral-line strongly bent or interrupted. Red Sea, seas of India. 



19. I'seudoscarus. Upper jaw slightly projecting beyond the lower. Anterior teeth soldered together in 

 quincuncial order. Dorsal fin with nine, anal with two or three spines. Scales large, two or more rows on the 

 cheeks. Lateral-line continuous. Tropical seas. 



Genus, 1 — Chjirops, Hujjpell. 



Cossyjohus, sp. Cuv. and Val. ; Clwirodon and Gossyjilwdes, Bleeker ; Hypsigenys, Giinther. 



Branchiostegals five or six : psetcdohranchicc. Budy oUong, compressed. Snout oUuse. Preoperde serrated 

 or entire. The four anterior teeth conical and free, whilst tlis lateral ones are rnore or less confluent in an osseous 

 ridge, a posterior canine tooth, occasionally tiuo, may lepreseyit; inferior phanjngeal teeth not confluent or pavement, 

 nice. A single dorsal fin with more spines (thirteen) than rays (seven) : anal with three spines and^ more rays 

 than the soft dorsal (9-10). Scales large : cheeks high, covered tuith small scales, which tisually are not imhricated : 

 opercles scaled. Vertical fins with scaly bases : no enlarged row at base of caudal. Lateral-line continuous. 



Geographical distribution. — From the Red Sea and East coast of Africa through the seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and Australia. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Chmrops anchorago, D. 13/7, A. 3/9, L. 1. 29-3(J. Red spots over the cheeks : a white vertical band 

 down the sides from the bases of the fourth to the sixth dorsal spines. Andamans to the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Chserops anchorago, Plate LXXXII, fig. 5. 



Sparus anchorago, Bloch. v, p. 108, t. 276 ; Bl. Schn. p. 276. 



Gossyphus anchorago, Trosch. Wiegm. Arch. 1840, p. 279. 



Chasrops anchorago, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 95. 



B. vi, D. V, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 3/9, C. 14, L. 1. 29-30, L. tr. 3|/9. 



Length of head 3i to Sf, of caudal 6| to 7, height of body 3^ to 3^ in the total length. Eyes—high up, 

 diameter 4^ to 5 in the length of head, 2 diameters from end of snout, and IJ apart. Profile from eye to snout 

 rather abrupt. Height of head equals its length. Preopercle finely serrated. Teeth— a, posterior canine m 

 adults. Scales— o-a cheeks numerous, but scarcely imbricated. Colours— cheeks brownish, shot with yellow, 

 and covered with scarlet spots. Back brownish, with a white vertical band descending from the bases of about 

 the fourth to the sixth dorsal spines to below the last third of the pectoral : a light band over the free portion 

 of the tail behind the base of the dorsal fin. In some specimens there are two to four wide dark cross bands. 

 Dorsal fin with two dark bands and another descending down the first four rays to the back : posteriorly, it 

 is yellow and edged superiorly with orange : the other iius yellowish, a band along the ventral and sometmies 

 a brown base to the pectoral. . . . , . , . , 



Professor Peters Monats, Ak. Wiss. Berlin, 18G8, p. 270, observes that this species is identica,l with 

 G macrodoH, Blocker, or Labrus macrodontus, Lacep. iii, pp. 451, 522 ; Cuv. and Val. xiii, p. 98 ; Cluerops 

 meleagris, Riippell, Verz. Mus. Senck. Fische, p. 20 ; Gossyphus macrodon, Bleeker, Labr. p. 10 ; Gherops 

 macrodon, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 94 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 248. i • o t;~ • -u 



Ha&itoi.— Andamans to the Malay Archipelago. It attains a large size, the one figured is 8-5 inches m 

 length. 



Genus, 2 — Gossyphus,* Ctmer and Val. 



Harpe, Lepidoplois, and Fimelometopon, Gill. 



Branchiostegals six : pseudobranchiai. Body oblong, compressed. Snmd more or less pointed. Preopercle 

 serrated or entire. The four anterior teeth conical and free : the lateral teeth in a single roiv, luhdst a posterior canine 

 is as a rule present : inferior pharyngeal teeth not confluent or pavement-like. A single dorsal fin ivith more spines 

 (11-13) than rays (9-11) : the anal imth three spines ami more rays (10-14) than the soft dorsal. Scales of 

 moderate size, those on the cheeks and opercles imbricated : the bases of the veHical fins scaled. No enlarged roio of 

 scales at the base of the caudal fin. Lateral-line continuous. 



Geographical distribution.— Bed Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, and 

 nearly all intertropical and adjacent seas. 



The coloui-s would seem to be subject to considerable variation in the same species. As a rule we find 

 the dorsal fin has only twelve spines. 



• Gossyphus as a Generic name has been frequently employed : by Fabr. in Coleop. 1792 ; Dumeril in Birds, 1802 ; Val. in 

 Fishes, 1839 ; and ten years later by McClelland, who instituted this Generic term for a mutilated specimen of Clanas. 



