396 ACANTHOPTERTGII. 



2. Hemigymnus fascratus, D. ^, A. -A-, L. 1. 28-29. Bluish, witli wide vertical bands. Red Sea, seas 

 of India to tlie Malay Arcliipelago. 



1. Hemigymnus melapterus, Plate L XXX IV, fig. 2. 



Lahrus melapterus, Bl. t. 285 ; Bl. Schn. p. 247 (L. melampterus) . 



Tautoga melapterus, Cuv. and Yal. siii, p. 311 ; Bleeker, Verli. Bat. Gen. xxii, p. IG ; Richards. Ann. 

 and Mag. 1843, xi, p. 358. 



Ilemiulis melapterus, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 228. 



Bemigymims melanopterm, Gunther, Catal. iv, p. 139 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 2oZ. 



Lalriddhys hicolor. Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 69G (young). 



B. vi, D. ^, P. 13, V. 1/5, A. ^, C. 15, L. 1. 27-29, L. tr. 5/14. 



Leno:th of head 3^ to 3|, of caudal 6 to 6i, height of body 2| to 3^ in the total length. £//es— diameter 

 4 in the young, to 6 or Gi in the length of head in the adult, 2 to 3 diameters from end of snout, and 1^ to 2 

 apart. Lips very thick, the lower one notched in the middle, and each lateral portion pendant like a wattle. 

 Teeth— a posterior canine is irsually present but concealed by the skin. ,SV-a/e«— about three rows of very small 

 ones on the cheeks. Colours— bluish, brown above, becoming yellowish beneath : a dark mark behind the 

 orbit ■ scales dotted with blue : dorsal and anal light at their external third, followed by bluish band, external 

 to which they are darker: caudal dark. In the young, the body behind a line from the commencement ot 

 the dorsal to the base of the anal, dark violet, some of the lower scales being blue spotted : anterior to this 

 nearly white beneath, but darker along the top of the head, whilst most of the scales have more or 

 less dark spots. . i • r i 



n:ahitat.—Za.nzihar, Andamans, to the Malay Archipelago and Australia. The one figured is trom the 

 Andamans, where it is very common, and attains a large size. 



2. Hemigymnus fasciatus. 



Mullns fasciatus, Thunb. Reise nach Japan, iv, p. 351, t. 314. 



Lahrus fasciatus, Bl. t. 290 ; Bl. Schn. p. 249. 



Sparus zeneplwrus et meaco, Laccp. iv, pp. 155, IGO. 



Lahrus fuliginosus et melapteronotns, Lacep. iii, pp. 437, 450, 492, 493, and 51G. 



EalicJueres sexfasciatus, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 18, t. v, f. 3. __ 



Bcarus quinquefasciatus, Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, p. 23, pi. xxiii. 



Tautoga fasciata, Cuv. and Val. xiii, p. 303, pi. 379 ; Bleeker, Batav. p. 484 ; Jerdon, M. J. Sc. 

 1851, p. 135. 



.*" Tautoga Mertensii, Cnv. and Val. xiii, p. 308. 



Tautoga sexfasciata, Cuv. and Val. xiii, p. 309. 



Cheilinus Bhchii, Cuv. and Val. xiv, p. 108. 



ErycMhys quinquefasciatus, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 226. 



Cheilinus fasciatus, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 229. 



? Tautoga leucomos, Bleeker, Biliton, iv, p. 239. 



Eemigymmis fasciatus, Gunther, An. Nat. Hist. 1861, p. 38G, and Catal. iv, p. 138; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. i, 

 p. 141, t. xlvi, f. 2 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 547. 



Hemigymnus se.rfasciatus, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 139. 



? Bemigijmnus leucomos, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. p. 142, t. xliv, f. 6 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 139. 



Panoo-girawah, " Worm parrot," Cingalese. 



B. vi, D. ^, P. 14, V. 1/5, A. A, C. 14, L. 1. 28-29, L. tr. 5/11. 



Lensj-th of head 3j to 4, of caudal 6 to Gi, height of body 3| to 3i in the total length. J?^/es— diameter 5 

 to in lentrth of head, nearly 3 diameters from end of snout. Lips very thick, folded ; the lower one notched 

 in the centre and pendant like a wattle. Tee<7i— small ones sometimes present at the angle of the mouth. 

 P;-,j,,_caudal truncated. Scales— a band of small ones across the cheeks. CoZomw— bluish, with broad 

 rivulated red bands on the head, and a brown spot behind the eye : these marks appear to be sometimes absent. 

 Five vertical brownish cross bands, wider than the ground colour, descend from the back to the abdominal 

 surface. Dorsal and anal brownish, the lower with blue spots and a blue edge, having a red band below it : 

 anal with two blue longitudinal bands. Caudal brownish, with a blue vertical band. Pectoral yellowish. 

 Outer two-thirds of ventral dark. 



Habitat— Red Sea, east coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



Genus, 8 — Stethojulis, Gunther. 



Julis, sp. Cuv. and Val. 



Branchiostegals six: lody oblong and compressed. Preopercle entire: no anterior canine teeth; a posterior 

 canine : inferior pharyngeal teeth 7wt conjiuent or pavement-lilie. A single dorsal fin ivith less spines (9) than rays 

 (11) : anal ivith three spines and the same number of rays as the soft dorsal. Scales of moderate size : none on tlie 

 head : no enlarged roiv at base of caudal fin. Lateral-line contiimous. 



Geographical distribution.— East coast of Africa, seas of India, to the ^Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



