FAMILY, XLI— LABEID^. 403 



Tlie specimen is from Sir W. Elliot's collection, it was captured at Madras, April, 1852. The water- 

 colour drawing of it is termed as above by Jerdon. Its native name is given as CMlacha-sani-muyya, Tamil. 



In Cuv. and Val. the fins are said to be destitute of marks, but I think there can be little doubt that the 

 species are identical. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to China. 



Genus, 11 — JuLis, sp. Cuv. and Val. 



BrancJnostegals six : body oblong and compressed ; snout not produced. Anterior teeth conical : no posterior 

 canine tooth ; inferior pharyngeal teeth not confluent or pavement-like. A single dorsal fin ivith less spines (8) than 

 rays (11-14) : anal vjith tioo or three spines and about tite same number of rays as the soft dorsal (11-14). Scales 

 large: none on the head : no erdarged row at tlie base of the caudal fin. Lateral-line continuous. 



Geographical distribution. — Red Sea, seas of India, tropical and adjacent seas. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. Julis dorsalis, D. ^, A. ^, L. 1. 26-29. Broad red bands radiate from the eye : six vertical black 

 cross bars along the back, and a black spot at base of pectoral fin. A red band along the side. East coast of 

 Africa, seas of India to the Malay Ai-chipelago. 



2. Jidis lunaris, D. -f^, A. y\, L. 1. 28. Oblique red bands on head, body green, each scale with a 

 vertical red streak. Red Sea, seas of India to Malay Archipelago. 



3. Julis amblyceplialus, D. ^, A. Vf > L. 1. 27. Blue dark-edged lines across the cheeks, a dark 

 triangular spot at base of pectoral. Ceylon to the Malay Archipelago. 



4. Julis Hebraica, D. -/y, A. -^, L. 1. 27-28. Greenish, scales with a dark vertical mark. Violet bands 

 pass from the eye, and a bufi' dark-edged cross-band goes from two fir'st dorsal spines to the ventral fin : a dark 

 spot between first and third dorsal spines. Red Sea, seas of India, and beyond. 



5. Julis purpurea, D. -jSj, A. -Jj-, L. 1. 27-28. Colours vary, usually green or blue, with or without red 

 bands radiating from the eye. Two or three red or violet bands along the side, sometimes joined by cross bands 

 of the same colour. Red Sea, seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



6. Julis Janseni, D. j\, A. ^, L. 1. 28. Yellow, with from three to five vertical black bands : a black 

 spot on first two anal rays. Andamans to the Malay Archijaelago and beyond. 



1. Julis dorsalis, Plate LXXXV, fig. 7. 



Sparus HardivicTcii, Bennett, Fish. Ceylon, p. 12, pi. xii (not Julis HardwicJcii, Gray). 



Julis dorsalis, Quoy and Gaim. Yoy. Astrol. Zool. iii, Poiss. p. 713, pi. xv, f. 6 ; Cuv. and Yal. xiii, 

 p. 449 ; Richard. Ich. China, p. 259 ; Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 62, and Amboina, iii, p. 564, and Atl. Ich. i, 

 p. 94, t. 34, f. 4 ; Peters, Monats. Ak. Berlin, 1855, p. 454 ; Giinther, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1861, p. 387, and Catal. 

 iv, p. 190. 



Julis semifasciatus, Cuv. and Yal. xiii, p. 448. 



Clorichthys Mardwickii, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 232. 



Julis urostigma, Bleeker, Sumatra, ii, p. 287 (young). 



Mal-girawah, "Flower-parrot," Cingalese. 



B. vi, D. i\, P. 14, Y. 1/5, A. t\, C. 15, L. 1. 26-29, L. tr. 3/11. 



Length of head 3f , of caudal 5-1-, height of body 3f in the total length. Eyes — diameter 4| to 5 in the 

 length of head, I5 to 2 diameters from end of snout, and 1^ to l-i- apart. Fins — caudal lobes somewhat 

 produced. Golottrs — greenish, becoming silvery along the abdomen. Broad red bands radiate from the eyes : 

 six vertical black cross bars along the back, extended on to the middle of the body : a black spot in the axilla : 

 a red band along the side to the tail : usually a black, or a very dark blue band on the dorsal fin, the anal with 

 a black spot anteriorly : caudal with a grayish semilunar band in its last half. 



Habitat.— 'E.ist coast of Africa, seas of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The specimen 

 figured (life-size) is from the ^Moluccas, and I am indebted for it to Dr. Hubrtcht, of Leyden. 



2. Julis lunaris, Plate LXXXYI, fig. 1. 



Lahrus lunaris, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 474 , Gmel. Linn. p. 1284 ; Bl. Schn. p. 242 ; Lacep. iii, pp. 427, 

 467 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 82. 



Scarus gallus, Forsk. Desc. Anim. p. 26. 



Labrus zeylanicus, (Forst.) Pcnn. Ind. Zool. p. 56, pi. xvi ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1287; Bl. Schn. p. 246; 

 Lacep. iii, pp. 427, 472. 



Lahrus viridis, Bl. v, p. 129, t. 282 ; Bl. Schn. p. 243 ; Lacep. iii, p. 454. 



Labrus gallus, Linn. Gmel. p. 1284 ; Bl. Schn. p. 245. 



Osphromenus gallus, Lacep. iii, p. 122. 



Julis HardtvicJcii, Gray and Hardwicke, Ind. Zool. Fish, t. ix, f. 1. 



Julis porphyrocephala, Benn. Proc. Zool. Soc. ii, 1832, p. 183. 



Julis lunaris, Cuv. and Val. xui, p. 409 ; Jerdon, M, J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 135 ; Bleeker, Beng. en Hind, 

 p. 52, Labr. p. 6, and Atl. Ich. i, p. 90, t. 33, f. 5 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 180; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 256; 

 Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 635. 



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