422 ANACANTHINI. 



distant teeth in either jam, the anterior of the inner row in the mandible being received into a groove anterior to the 

 vomer : teeth present on vomer and palate. Dorsal fin commencing on the nape. Most of the dorsal and anal rays 

 branched. Scales small, ctenoid. Lateral-line gradually descends to the straight portion. 



Geor/nqdiical distribution. — from the west coast of Africa, tlirough the seas of India to the ISIalay 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Psettodes erumei, D. 47-56, A. 35-41, L. 1. 70-75. Either right or left side coloured, and vertically 

 banded or not so. 



1. Psettodes erumei, Plate XCI, fig. 4. 



Fleuronectes erumei, Bl. Schn. p. 150. 



Pleuronectes adalah, Russell, Fish. Viz. i, pp. 58, 59, and Noree nalaha, pis. 75, 77. 



Eippoglossus erumei, Cuv. Regno, Anim. ; Riippell, Atl. Fische, p. 121, and N". W. Fisehe, p. 84 ; Cantor, 

 Catal. p. 216 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiv, Pleuronec. p. 13. 



Eippoglossus nalaJca, Cuv. Regno Anim. 



Mippogloss^is dentex, Richards. Voy. Sulphur, Fish. p. 102, pi. 47. 



Hippoglossus orthorhynchus, Richard. Ich. China, p. 278. 



.? Psettodes Belchen-i, Benn. Pro. Zool. Soc. 1831, p. 147. 



Psettodes erumei, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 402 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 282 ; Klunz, Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 

 1871, p. 570. 



Sphagomorus Belcheri, Cope, Trans. Amer. PhU. Soc. xui, p. 407. 



B. vii, D. 47-56, P. 16, V. 6, A. 35-41, C. 17, L. 1. 70-75. 



Length of head 4i, height of body 2f in the total length. Eyes — diameter 6 in the length of head, and 

 usually divided by a mere ridge, ly diameters from end of snout. Lower jaw much the longer: the maxilla 

 4/5 of the length of the head. Teeth — strong, barbed at their extremities. Fins — most of the dorsal and anal 

 rays branched : central caudal rays rather the longest. Colours — this fish may be coloured on either the left or 

 the right side. Brownish or purplish-black, with the vertical fins edged with white : a lightish band usually 

 present across the free portion of the taU. Cross bands have likewise been observed. 



Habitat. — West coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and China. It attains at least 

 16 inches in length. 



Genus, 2 — Citharichthts, Bleelcer. 



Fsettichthys, Girard. 



Gill-membranes broadly united at the throat. Cleft of moutli wide, and equally developed on both sides : the 

 maxilla more than one-third of the lewjth of the head. Eyes on the left side and on the same level. Teeth in 

 jaws in a single row, witlwut canines : -none on vomer or palatines. Dorsal fin commences on the snoid, and 

 is not confluent with the caudal : its rays simple. Pectorals present. Scales small, decidtwus, ctenoid or cycloid, 

 lioteral-line straight. 



Geographical distribution. — Madras, tropical parts of Atlantic. 



SYNOPSIS OP INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 

 1. Citharichthys aureus, D. 82, A. 70, L. 1. 83. First dorsal ray elongated. Orange, ivith dark marks. 

 Madras. 



I. Citharichthys aureus, Plate XC, fig. 3. 



B. vi, D. 82, P. 10, V. 6, A. 70, C. 15, L. 1. 83. 



Length of head 4J, height of body 2| in the total length. Eyes^on the left side, diameter 6 in tlie 

 length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart : the upper not in advance of the lower. Jaws of 

 equal length anteriorly : height of head 1/4 more than its length. The maxilla 2/5 of the length of the head, 

 and reacliing to below the front edge of the eyes. Teeth — in a single row in the jaw, no canines: none (?) on 

 the palate. Fins — anterior dorsal spine elongated, commencing on the snout, and being rather longer than 

 the head, the middle dorsal rays are 2/3 of the length of the head. Dorsal and anal not united to the caudal, 

 which is pointed. Two short ventrals not united to anal. Both pectorals present, but short. No pre-anal 

 spine. Lateral-line — two on the coloured side, straight, divided by about 13 rows of scales, which latter are 

 cycloid : fin-rays not scaled. Colours — orange, with two brown blotches on the lateral-line, and some cloudy 

 markings on the body : vertical fin ■n'ith dark edges. 



Habitat. — Madras, where this single specimen was captured. Owing to its small size it is impossible to 

 say whether it has or has not teeth on the palate. 



Genus, 3 — Psejjdorhombus, Bleelcer. 

 Chcenopsetta, GOi. 



Branchiostegals six. Cleft of mouth deep, the maxilla being usually nearly half as long as the head. 



