432 ANACANTHINI. 



and curve!: dnwnwards and bachvards in the form of a hook. Month ratlier narrmv and, tmsymmetrical. Lips not 

 fringed. There may he two iiostrils on the coloured side, one of which is in the interorhital sjiace (Arelia); or two 

 nostrils hcfore the Joiver eye, the inferior of which is Iroader than the superior one (Cantoria); or only one nostril 

 which is in. front of the lower eye (Trulla) ; or no conspAcuous nostril (Icania). Minute teeth on the right side only. 

 Vertical fins confluent : pectorals absent. Scales ctenoid or cycloid. Lateral-line on the coloured side double 

 or triple. 



Geographical distribution. — Tropical seas, some are found in tidal rivers, and are said to enter fresh- water. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



A. Three Icttcral-lines on the coloured side. 



1. Cynoglossus quinquelineatus, D. 109, A. 91, L. 1. 100. An open nostril between the eyes, a tubular one 

 Ijcfore the lower eye. Scales ctenoid on coloured side only, 17 rows between upper and middle lateral-lines, 

 l.j between middle and lower. Opercle black. Madi'as. 



B. Two lateral-lines on the coloured side : a patent nostril between the eyes, a tubular one before lower orbit. 



2. Cynoglossus lingua, D. 142-1.50, A. 105-110, L. 1. 100-115, L. tr.* 13. Scales feoljly ctenoid, and on 

 the coloured side only : one lateral-line on the blind side. Seas and estuaries of India to the ifalay Archipelago 

 and beyond. 



3. Cynoglossus elongatiis, D. 137-140, A. 107-110, L. I. 95-110, L. tr. 8. Scales cycloid on both sides. 

 One lateral-line on the blind side. Madras, Pinang. 



4. Cynoglossus oligolepis, D. 118-129, A. 91-95, L. 1. 65-75, L. tr. 8-9. Scales ctenoid on the coloured 

 side only. One lateral-line on the blind side. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



5. Cynoglossus macrolepidotus, D. 116-118, A. 86-90, L. 1. 50-55, L. tr. 6-7. Scales ctenoid on the 

 coloured side only. One lateral-line on the blind side. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



6. Cynoglossus Sindensis, D. 106-116, A. 83, L. 1. 108, L. tr. 19-20. Angle of mouth in middle of length 

 of head. Scales ctenoid on coloured side only. Two lateral-lines on the blind side. Sind, through seas 

 of India. 



7. Cynoglossus arel, D. 104-114, A. 85, L. 1. 95, L. tr. 7. Scales ctenoid on coloured side only : a single 

 lateral-line on the blind side. 



8. Cynoglossus fZ/spar, D. 109-112, A. 90-94, L. 1. 110-115, L. tr. 18-19. Angle of mouth in front half 

 of head. Scales ctenoid on coloured side only. Two lateral-lines on the blind side. Seas of India. 



9. Cynoglossus dubius, D. 110, A. 88, L. 1. 21. Scales cycloid on both sides. Two lateral-lines on the 

 blind side. Beloochistan and Sind. 



10. Cynoglossus quadrilineatus, D. 107, A. 80-88, L. 1. 14-15. Scales ctenoid on the coloured side only. 

 Two lateral-lines on the blind side. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



11. Cynoglossus braxhyrhijnchis, D. 106, A. 78, L. 1. 90-94, L. tr. 17-18. Scales ctenoid on both sides. 

 A single lateral-line on the blind side. Estuaries of Bengal and Bui-ma to the Malay Archipelago. 



12. Cynoglossus Bengalensis, D. 101-103, A. 78-80, L. 1. 90-95, L. tr. 13-14. Height of body 3^ to 3J in 

 the total length. Snout 2/5 of length of head. Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single lateral-line on the 

 blind side. Hooghly at Calcutta. 



13. Cyiwglossus HamiUonii, D. 101, A. 76, L. 1. 105, L. tr. 15-16. Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single 

 lateral-line on the blind side. Hooghly. 



14. Cynoglossus lida, D. 99-104, A. 75-83, L. 1. 90, L. tr. 13. Height of body 4 to 4t in the total length. 

 Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single lateral-line on the bhnd side. Burma to the Malay Archipelago. 



15. Cynoglossus semifasciatus, D. 98-103, A. 75-80, L. 1. 85, L. tr. 12-13. Snout 2/7 of length of head. 

 Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single lateral-line on the blind side. Madras. 



16. Cynoglossus pundiceps, D. 94-100, A. 74-80, L. 1. 95-100, L. tr. 16-17. Snout 1/3 of length of head. 

 Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single lateral-line on the blind side. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



17. Cynoglossus brevis, D. 96, A. 70.-75, L. 1. 96, L. tr. 17-18. Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single 

 lateral-line on the blind side. Hooghly at Calcutta. 



18. Cynoglossus breiurostris, D. 91, A. 76, L. 1. 78, L. tr. 10. Scales ctenoid on both sides. A single 

 lateral-line on the blind side. Madras. 



A. Three lateral-lines on the colmired side. 



1. Cynoglossus quinquelineatus, Plate XCVIII, fig. 1. 



B. vi, D. 109, y. 4, A. 91, C. 13, L. 1. 100. 



Length of head 6\, height of body 4 in the total length. Eyes — diameter 9J in the length of head, 

 about 4 from the end of snout, and 1 apart : the upper slightly in advance of the lower. Height of the head 

 equals its length. The maxilla reaches to rather behind the hind edge of the lower orbit, and is situated rather 

 nearer to the gill-opening than to the end of the snout. Two nostrils, a patent one between the orbits, and a 



* By L. tr. is here understood the greatest number of rows of scales bctweeu tlie two lateral-lines on the left or coloured side. 



