FAMILY, III— PLEURONECTID^. 433 



tubular one in front of lower eye : one on the blind side not concealed. Fins — a single ventral adherent to the 

 anal. Scales — ctenoid on coloured, cycloid on blind .side. Lateral -lines — three on the coloured side, the upper 

 and middle separated at their greatest distance by seventeen rows of scales, the middle and lower ones by fifteen. 

 Two lateral-lines on the blind side. Colours — brownish, opercles black. 

 Habitat. — Madras. A single specimen 10 inches long. 



2. Cynoglossus lingua, Plate XCVI, fig. 1. 



Pleuronectes, Russell, Fish. Vizag. i, p. 57, and Jerree-'jjotoo D. pi. 73. 



Cynoglossus lingua. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 32, 36-5 ; Giinther, Catal. iv, p. .501. 



Plai/'usia j)otous, Cuv. Reg. Anim. ; Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 762, Pleur. p. 23 (not Cantor.) ; Jerdon, 

 M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 148. 



Plagusia lingua, Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 148. 



.*" Arelia lingua, Kaup, Uebers. Plagus. Arch. Nat. xsiv, i, p. 107. 



Arelia potous, Bleeker, en pise. p. 185 (not Kaup.) 



Cynoglossus macrorhynclms, Kner, Novara Fische, p. 295. 



Cynoglossus potous, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Pleur. p. 33, t. 241, fig. 4. 



Kot-aralu, Tarn. 



B. vi, D. 142-150, V. 4, A. 105-110, C. 8, L. 1. 100-115. 



Length of head 4j to 5 or even 5|, of caudal 16, height of body 6 to 65 in the total length. Eyes — 

 diameter 12 to 14 in the length of the head, they are situated in about the middle of the length of the head, the 

 upper slightly in advance of the lower, and about 1 diameter apart. The greatest height of the head equals 

 2/3 of its length. The cleft of the mouth extends to a short distance behind the j)osterior edge of the eyes : 

 rostral hook reaches to below the front edge or even posterior margin of the eyes : lips not fringed. Two 

 nostrils, a patent one between the eyes and a tubular one over the upper Kp. Scales — very feebly ctenoid on 

 the coloured side and only in their centre : cycloid on the uncoloured side. Lateral-lines — two on the left or 

 coloured side, divided at their greatest distance by thirteen rows of scales : on the uncoloured side the lateral-line 

 is very indistinct. Colours — reddish-brown on the coloured side, sometimes with some cloudy markings, 

 generally lineated : opercles nearly black. 



This is the largest of the marine and estuary species in India, and the most esteemed for the table. 

 Bleeker gives a few less rays, D. 132-133, A. 102-103, L. 1. 90-95. In his paper Beng. en Hind, he, correctly 

 as I think, identified Ham. Buch. and Russell's fish. 



Habitat. — Seas and estuaries of India : attaining at least 18 inches in length. The specimen figured was 

 from Calcutta. 



3. Cynoglossus elongatus, Plate XC, fig. 5. 



Cynoglossus lingua, Cantor, Catal. p. 233, (not Ham. Buch.) 



Cynoglossus elongatus, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 501 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Pleuron. p. 34. 



B. vi, D. 137-140, V. 4, A. 107-110, C. 10, L. 1. 95-110. 



Length of head 4f, height of body 6? in the total length. Eyes— small, the upper in advance of 

 the "lower, diameter 11 in the length of head, 4 diameters from end of snoitt, and placed close together. 

 Height of head 2/3 of its length. Angle of the mouth behind the hind edge of the eye, and nearer the 

 gill-opening than the snout. Lips not fringed. Length of snout 2-1- in that of the head. Rostral hook reaches 

 to below the mandibular symphysis. Two nostrils, a patent one between the eyes and a tubular one before 

 the lower orbit. Fins — a, single ventral attached to the anal. Giinther observes "both ventrals are present?'' 

 Scales — cycloid on both sides. Lateral-lines — two on the coloured side divided at their greatest distance by eight 

 rows of scales : one on the blind side. Colours — reddish-brown, opercle with a dark band : vertical fins with a 

 black outer edge. 



Habitat. — Madras and Pinang. The specimen (figured life-size) was from Madras. 



4. Cynoglossus oligolepis, Plate XCV, fig. 4. 



Plagusia oligolepis, Bleeker, Java, p. 445. 



Arelia oligolepis, Bleeker, En. Spec. p. 185. 



Cynoglossus oligolepis, Giinther, Catal. iv, p. 496 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. Pleur. p. 34, t. 242, f . 5. 



B. vi, D. 118-129, V. 4, A. 91-95, C. 12, L. 1. 65-75. 



Length of head 41, height of body h\ in the total length. Fyes — small, situated just before the middle 

 or in the commencement of the anterior half of the head, the upper being half in advance of the lower, 3/4 of 

 a diameter between the two. Height of head equals 4/5 of its length. A patent nostril between the eyes and 

 a tubular one before the lower eye above the lip. Angle of mouth 1/4 of a diameter of the orbit behind the 

 lower eye. Rostral hook reaches to below the front edge of the lower eye. Lips not fringed. Snout 2/5 of 

 the length of the head. Fins — vertical fins comparatively low : only the left ventral present, and not connected 

 to the commencement of the anal. Scales — ctenoid on the coloured, cycloid on the blind side. Lateral-lines — 



3 K 



