FAMILY, I— SILURID^. 465 



lighter on the sides and beneath : dorsal, pectoral, and ventral with a slight tinge of gray. No black mark 

 upon the adipose dorsal. 



The appearance of this fish, teething, etc. except black spot on adipose dorsal are like Arius falcarius, 

 Richardson. 



Habitat.— Ca.na,ra. 



17. Arius nella. 



Sihirus, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 55, and Nallah jellah. pi. 170. 



Pimelodus {?) nella, Cuv. and Val. xv, p. 162 : Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 58. 



D. i/0, P. 1/10, V. 6, A. 19, C. 19. 



Head broad, depressed. Eyes — small, in front half of the head. Teeth— on palate, globular. Barbels — 

 the maxillary roach to the middle of pectoral fin. Fins — caudal sub-lunate. Colours — head and back bluish- 

 leaden : belly, throat, and hinder part of the tail, a dull white. The whole trunk strewed with small, obscure, 

 dusky dots. Dorsal, ventral, and anal with blackish margins. Pectoral and caudal glossy with a faint 

 yellowish tinge. 



This fish has been placed by Cuv. and Val. amongst those having no teeth in the palate, it being 

 erroneously observed that in Russell " les details de sa tete et de ses dentes n'etant pas indiques." Dr. 

 Giinther probably due to this observation places the fish in genus Hemipimelodus stated to have " palate 

 edentulous." But Russell observes " teeth, tongue, and palate as in the last," referring to No. 169, we find as 

 I have observed under Arius jellah, the teeth are as in No. 168, where they are said to be " sub-granulous" and 

 present on the palate. 



Habitat. — Coromandel coast to 9| inches in length. 



18. Arius macronotacanthus, Plate CXIII, fig. 1. 



Bleeker, Silur. Batav. p. 32, and Atl. Ich. Silur. p. 32, t. 55 ; Giinther, Catal. v, p. 169. 



Cephalocassis macronotacanthus, Bleeker, Silur. p. 106. 



Arius arius, Cantor, Catal. p. 258 (not Pimelodus arius, H. B.) 



B. vi, D. I/O, P. 1/9, V. 6, A. 18-19 (Tflir), C. 15. 



Length of head 4 to 4i-, of caudal 6^, height of body 5^ in the total length. Eyes — diameter 5j to 6 in 

 the length of head, li diameters from end of snout, and 2^ apart. The width of the head exceeds its height, 

 and equals its length excluding the snout. Extent of the gape of the mouth equals 4/9 of the length of the 

 head. The median longitudinal groove is viade between the eyes, becomes pointed both anteriorly and 

 posteriorly, and does not reach so far as the base of the occipital process, which latter is as wide at its base as it is 

 long, and reaches a narrow V-shaped basal bone. Upper surface of the head granulated in groups, the occipital 

 process densely so in lines. Barbels — the maxillary reach the middle of the pectoral spine, the outer mandibular 

 ones its base. Teeth — on the palate obtusely conical or granular, placed in two pear-shaped patches as long as 

 the eye, the large ends posterior and divergent, anteriorly they are near to the band on the premaxillaries. 

 Fins — dorsal spine strong, very rugose laterally, as long as the head behind the nostrils, and serrated both 

 anteriorly and posteriorly, it has a soft termination : the length of the base of the adipose equals 2/3 of that of 

 the rayed fin. Pectoral spine as long as the head excluding the snout, roughened and serrated externally, 

 denticulated internally, it reaches 2/3 the distance to the ventral which does not reach the anal. Colours — base 

 of dorsal darkish, a large black blotch on the adipose fin. 



This fish appears to be closely allied to A. iiarvijjinnis, but differs in having smaller pectoral and ventral 

 fins, and villiform teeth. In Bleeker's figure he gives villifoi-m teeth, perhaps they become more obtuse with 

 age. If so the two species would correspond, and also with Russell's ehinta, the Arius chinta, C. V. 



Habitat. — India to Java, Sumatra, and Pinang. 



19. Arius gagora, Plate CVII, fig. 2. 



Pimelodus gagora. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 167, 376, pi. 10, f. 54. 



Arius gagora, Cuv. and Val. xv, p. 99 ; Bleeker, Beng. pp. 66, 119 ; Blyth, P. A. S. of Beng. 1858, 

 p. 285; Ganther, Catal. v, p. 168. 



Arius macracanthus, Giinther, Catal. v, p. 167. 

 ? Arius jatius, Liitken, Vid. Medd. 1874, p. 207. 



B. vi, D. I/O, P. 1/10, V. 6, A. 18 (^f:^), C. 17. 



Length of head 4 to 4:\, of caudal 5| to 5f , height of body 6f in the total length. i?;/e.s— diameter 7 to 

 8 in the length of head, 2| diameters from the end of snout, and 3 to 3| apart. Head 1/4 wider than high, its 

 width equals its length excluding the snout. Upper jaw the longer, the width of the gape of the mouth 4/11 

 of the length of its head. Most of the occiput and the whole of the occipital process granulated. Median 

 longitudinal groove on the head narrow, rather deep, and extending nearly to the base of the occipital process, 

 which latter is keeled, very slightly longer than wide at its base and reaches a narrow V-shaped basal bone. 

 Opercle higher than wide. iJarJeZs— the maxillary ones not quite so long as the head, the outer mandibular reach 



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