FAMILY, V— CYPRINID^. 527 



fin with few rays, commencing opposite the ventrals. Pectorals horizontal, with their outer ratjs imhranched. Anal 

 short. Scales of moderate size, none on the chest. Lateral-line complete, continued direct to the centre of the hase of 

 the caudal fiti. Air-vessel present. 



This Genus, as illustrated by the single example described, is a connecting link between Homaloptera and 

 Discognathus. 



Geographical distribution. — Hill streams and rivers in Bengal and Assam. 



SYNOPSIS OP INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Psilorhynehus balitora, D. 9-10, A. 7, L. 1. 33. Reddish-brown, irregularly marked with black. N. E. 

 Bengal and Assam. 



1, Psilorhynehus balitora, Plate CXXI, fig. 7 ; and Plate CXXII, fig. 3. 



Cyprirms balitora. Ham. Buch. Fishes of Ganges, pp. 348, 394 ; Cuv. and Val. Hist. Nat. des Poissons, 

 xvi, p. 451. 



Psilorhynehus variegatus, McCleUand, Ind. Cyp. pp. 300, 430, pi. 50, f. 2 (from H. B.'s MSS.). 



Psilorhynehus balitora, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 343; Day, Jour. As. Society of Bengal, 1871, p. 106, 

 pi. ix, f. 1. 



B. iii, D. 9-10 (rh), P- 17, V. 9, A. 7 (f), C. 18, L. 1. 35, L. tr. 4J-/4i. 



Length of head Sj, of caudal 5, height of body 5 in the total length. Eyes — diameter 4j in the 

 length of head, ly diameters from end of snout, and also apart. Head rounded, somewhat depressed. A 

 deep cleft extending from the snout to the angle of the mouth. Lips rather thick and reflected from oiF either 

 jaw. The jaws have sharp edges, but are destitute of any horny covering. Edges of lips not fringed, their surface 

 covered with round hard pores. Some fine pores also on the cheeks and snout. Fins — dorsal commences in 

 advance of the ventrals : pectorals and ventrals nearly horizontal, the outer seven rays of the former and two of 

 the latter unbranched : caudal forked. Scales — 2| rows between the lateral-line and liase of the ventral fin. 

 Air-vessel — rather large, divided by a constriction into an anterior and posterior portion, and not enclosed by 

 bone. Colours — reddish-brown, with irregular black blotches forming badly defined bands, in places passing 

 over the back. Three bars on the caudal and some black on the anterior half of the dorsal. 



Habitat. — HOI streams and rapids in N. E. Bengal and Assam. 



Genus, 3 —Discognathus, Bechel. 



Garra, Ham. Buch. : Platycara, McClelland : Discognathichthys et Lissorhynchus, Bleeker : Mayoa, 

 Day. 



Body elongated, subcylindrical. Mouth transverse, semicircular, and inferior; tipper and Imver lips 

 cimtin uous : no lateral lobes to snout, which projects beyond the mouth. A suctorial disk on the chin, formed on the 

 lower lip, upper Up fringed. Barbels four (Garra, Ham. Buch.) or one pair 07ily at each angle of the motith (Dis- 

 cognathus, Heckel). Pharyngeal teeth uncinate and in three .closely approximating roivs, 2, 4, 5-5, 4, 2, or 5, 3, 1- 

 1, 3, 5. Dorsal fin with few rays, commencing slightly in advance of the ventrals, its base scaleless : pectoral 

 horizontal : anal short. Scales of moderate size, no enlarged anal row. Lateral-line continued to the centre of the 

 base of the caudal fin. Gill-rakers feiv, short, and widely set. Air-vessel small. 



Geograpihical distribution. — Rivers, more especially mountain streams, of Asia and Abyssinia: extending 

 throughout India, Ceylon, and the Tenasserim Provinces. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. Disco^ lathus lamta, D. 11, A. 7, L. 1. 33-36, 4 barbels. Interorbital space convex. Head 4J to 5| in 

 the total length. A black spot behind gill-opening and generally a band along the side. Throughout India, 

 Ceylon, and Tenasserim Provinces, Abj-ssinia and Aden. 



2. Discognathus Jerdoni, D. 10, A. 7, L. 1. 36, 4 barbels. Interorbital space concave. Head 6t to 6|- in 

 the total length. Wynaad and Bowany rivers in Madras. 



3. Discognathus modestus, D. 10, A. 6, L. 1. 35, 4 barbels. Interorbital space flat : 5 outer pectoral rays 

 unbranched. Northern India (?). 



1. Discognathus lamta, Plates CXXII, fig. 4, and CXXIII, fig. I. 



Cyprinus lamta. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 343, 393 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 386. 



Gyprinus gotyla. Gray and Hardwicke, Ind. Zool. c. fig. ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 387. 



Gonorhynchus rupeculus, McClelland, pp. 281, 373, pi. 43, f. 4, 6 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 467. 



Chondrostoma midlya, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 359, pi. 62, f. 3. 



Gonorhynchus bimaculatus, brachypteriis, and caudatus, McClell. loc. cit. pp. 281, 283, 373, 374, pi. 43, f. 2. 

 (from H. B.'s MS.) ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, pp. 414, 467. 



Platijcara nasuta, McClell. Journ. A. S. of B. vii, p. 947, t. 55, f. 2a and I, and Ind. Cypr. pp. 300, 428, 

 pi. 57, f. 2." 



