530 PHTSOSTOMI. 



the distance to the anal, its last ray divided to its base. The anal has a narrow base and its length slightly 

 varies, reachino- when laid flat, the whole or only three-fourths of the distance to the base of the caudal, which 

 is lobed in its posterior half. Free portion of tail slightly longer than deep. Scales — rows above the lateral- 

 lino about equal in size to those of the pierced row, rather smaller below it : about 16 to 20 rows between the 

 lateral-line and base of ventral fin, and 21 to 25 between it and base of dorsal : tiled row to vent minute, each 

 scale in it being from one-third to half the diameter of the orbit. Viscera — the diameter of the posterior 

 portion of the air-vessel is small. The lobes of the liver are elongated, extending to opposite the anal fin, and 

 having several lateral but parallel prolongations. In May (at Chumba) the ova of these fish inhabiting the 

 main stream, were almost fully developed, being numerous and of a large size, wliilst there were a considerable 

 number of fry in the side streams of the Ravi. C'o/o((rs— grayish, becoming white below, pre-opercle dashed 

 with golden : lower fins tinged red. After death two or three rows of dark gray blotches appear above the 

 lateral-line. Some have scattered black and occasionally red spots, and these have been termed Trout. 



Habitat. — Afghanistan, Himalayan rivers, but not extending in the plains to far from their bases. It 

 adheres to rocks by means of its sucker and is thus enabled to reside in mountain rapids. It attains at least 

 2 feet in length, is pretty good eating but bony ; it is too rich for some people, but does not deleteriously affect 

 those used to it. 



2. Oreinus Richardsonii, Plate CXXV, fig. 4. 



Cyprinus Ricliardsonii, Gray and Hard. lUust. Ind. Zoology. 



Oreinm Bichardsanii, McClell. Ind. Cyp. pp. 273, :M5 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 227 ; Giinther, Catal. 

 vii, p. 1(31. 



Oreinus (juttatus, McClelland, Ind. Cyp. pp. 273, 344, pi. 39, f. 1. 



Gonorhynchus petrophilus, McClelland, Journ. Asiat. Soc. of Beng. iv, t. 1, and Ind. Cyi^. pp. 281, 371 ; 

 Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 466. 



Oreinus maculatus, Giinther, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 224 (not McClelland). 



"Kemaon Trout," ^Isto, Nepaul. 



B. iii, D. 11 (f), P. 17, V. 10, A. 7 (I), C. 19, L. 1. 98-100, L. r. 140. 



Length of head 4 to 6,* of caudal 4}j to 5, height of body 5^ to 61 in the total length. Eyes— in the 

 middle or rather before the middle of the length of the head, diameter 6 to 6| in the length of head, width of 

 interorbital space in adults nearly equals 1/2 length of head, it is almost flat. Snout obtuse. Mouth inferior, 

 transverse, with a well-developed lower lip, which has its posterior free edge straight or rather convex. 

 Occasionally there are large pores on the snout. Barbels— ahovit 1/2 as long as eye. Tec^/i— pharyngeal, 4, 

 4, 2/2, 4. 4, crooked, pointed. jFhjs— dorsal commencing slightly tefore the ventral, and about midway between 

 the snout and base of the caudal, its spine moderately sti'ong, toothed, becoming nearly smooth in large 

 specimens, and as long as the head excluding the snout. Pectoral 4/5 as long as the head. Ventral doe.? 

 not reach anul, nor the latter the caudal. Scales— 24- rows between the lateral-line and base of the dorsal 

 fin, and 19 between it and the ventral : the scales of the tiled row equal 2/3 of the diameter of the eye in 

 the young, as high as the diameter of orbit in adults. Free portion of the tail as long as deep. Colours^ 

 bluish along the back, becoming silvery shot with gold on the sides and beneath. Head likewise glossed 

 with purple and gold. In some specimens there are black spots on the sides and head. 



Habitat.— The specimen figured was from Darjeeling. It inhabits Nepal, Boutan, and the sub- 

 Himalayan range. 



3. Oreinus plagiostomus. 



ScJdzothcrrax plagiostomus, Heckel, Fische aus Caschmir, p. 16, t. 1 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 213. 



Oreinus plagiostomus, McClelland, Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist, ii, 1842, pp. 570, 581 ; Giinther, Catal. 

 vii, p. 160. 



Uapoeta micracantlms, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 81. 



B. iii, D. 10-11 (V). P- 17, V. 11, A. 7 (J), C. 19, L. 1. 110. L. r. 170. 



Length of head 6^ to 6, of caudal 5| to 6, height of body 4 to 5^ in the total length. J?yes— diameter 

 41 to 8 in the length of head, and in or rather before the middle of the length of the head. Snout broad, 

 interorbital space nearly flat, and equalling about 1/2 length of head : mouth transverse, inferior : 

 lower li]) with a nearly straight and free posterior margin, and studded with glands, some specimens have 

 glands on the snout. Barbels— not so long as the eye. Teett— pharyngeal, crooked, pointed, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5. 

 2(',:„s_clorsal osseous ray weak, its stiff portion as long as the head without the snout, its serrature being feeble, 

 almost absent in adults : the fin is not so high as the body, it commences somewhat in advance of the ventrals, 

 and midway between the end of the snout, and the root of the caudal : anal when laid flat reaches the base 

 of the caudal : the scales along its base well-developed, the largest being about the size of the orbit in the 

 young, exceeding it in the adult. Colours — uniform silvery, or with black spots. 



* In the Catalogue of Fi3he.s of the British j\Tnseara it is stated of this species:—-' Head very small, its length being 2/1 1 or 

 1/6 of the total (without caudal)." Having been permitted access to the same fish I found of those in spirit, i specnnens Irom .3-3 to 

 :V8 inches long, bead from 4 to 4» in the total with the caudal : OEie 4 inches long, head 4^; one 5,^ inches long, head 4i: and one 

 !l inc;:es long, head 5J iti the total with the caudal fin. Amongst the skins one 10 inches long, head 5 in the total; one 15 inches long, 

 head 5 J ; and one 18 inches long, head 6 in the total including the caudal fiu. 



