FAMILY, V— CTPRINID^. 531 



0. Griffithi, McClelland, 1. c. p. 581, is said to differ but little from the above, its intestines are six 

 times the length of the body, its habitat is Afghanistan, Koonur river, Pushut. 



Capoeta macracanthus, Giinther, has a very weak dorsal spine. 

 Habitat. — Afghanistan, Cashmere, and Boutan. 



Genus, 5 — Schizoptgopsis, Steindaehner. 



Abdmnen rounded. Snout obtusely conical. Mouth transverse, inferior, with a slight cleft ; mandible with 

 a sharp anterior edge, having a horny covering, and the upper lip continuous with a short lateral one. Barbels 

 absent. Pharyiigeal teeth compressed, 4 or 3, 3/3, 3 or 4. Dorsal fin short, icith a serrated ray, and situated nearly 

 opposite to the ventrals : anal slwrt. Scales small, few, and only present in the scapular region, except a scaled 

 sheath to vent and along the base of the anal fin. Lateral-line continued to the centre of the base of the caudal. 

 Ova comparatively large. 



Geographical distribution. — Head waters of Indus, Tibet, and Eastern Turkestan. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Schizopygopsis Stoliczkce, D. 4/7, A. 2/5. 



1. Schizopygopsis Stoliczkse, Plate CXXIV, fig. 2. 



Steind. Verh. zool.-bot. Gles. Wien, 1866, p. 785; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 170; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 1876, p. 791. 



B. iii, D. 10-11 (f:A), P. 1.3, V. 11, A. 7 (|), C. 19. 



Length of head 5 to 5|, of caudal Sj to 5|, height of body 7 to 8 in the total length. Eijes — diameter 

 4 to 5 in the length of the head, 1 to H diameters from tiie end of the snout, and I5 to 2 apart. The greatest 

 width of the head equals its length behind the middle of the eyes, and its height equals its length excluding 

 the snout. Mouth inferior, overhung by the snout, the maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the eye. An 

 anterior, sharp, horny edge to the mandible. Fins — the dorsal as high as the body, it commences about 

 midway between the end of the snout and the root of the caudal fin, its upper edge nearly straight, oblique : its 

 last undivided ray osseous, and finely seri-ated. Pectoiul not quite so long as the head, and reaching rather 

 above halfway to the ventral, which latter arises below the middle of the dorsal and does not reach the anal. 

 Anal rather above twice as high as its base is long, it extends to the caudal when laid flat. Caudal deeply 

 forked. Colours — olive superiorly, becoming white on the sides and beneath, the whole covered with irregular 

 blackish spots. 



Habitat. — Leh and head waters of Indus, also tributaries of the Tarkand and Oxus rivers. 



Genus, 6 — Schizothorax, Heckel.* 



Schizopyge, sp. Heckel : Bacoma, sp. McClell. : Opistocheilus, pt. Bleeker. 



Abdomen rounded. Snout conically rounded, and laterally somewhat compressed, with the mouth arched and 

 antero-inferior , mandible neither broad, flattened, nor with a sharp margin, its edge sometimes having a thin, deciduous 

 horny covering. Barbels four. Pharyngeal teeth pointed, hooked, 5, 3, 2/2, 3, 5. Dorsal fin rather short, ivith a 

 strong, osseous, serrated ray, and arising opiposite the ventrals : anal short. Scales very small, the vent and base of 

 the anal fin in a sJieath, covered by an enlarged tiled row. Lateral-line passing to the centre of the base of the 

 caudal fin. 



Geographical distribution. — Mountain streams and rivers of the Himalayan region, also Afghanistan and 

 Turkestan. 



* The following species of this Genus have also been recorded, some are figured in this work : — 



A. Lower labial fold uninterrupted. 



a. Dorsal S2?ine strong, serrated. 



1. Schizothorax harhatiis. McClelland, Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 580 ; Giinther, fatal, fii, p. 108. Eye 1/.5 of head. Upper 

 jaw projecting. Origin of dorsal tin rather nearer caudal than snout : its spine veiy strong, serrated. Anal laid flat does not reach 

 caudal. Tiled rows of scales small. Afghanistan. 



b. Dorsal spine feeble, serrated. 



2. Schizotlwrax Bitchiamis, McClell. Cal. Journ. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 580 ; Giinther, Catal. vii. p. 168. Eye 1/5 of head. Upper 

 jaw projecting. Origin of dorsal fin rather nearer caudal than snout : its spine feeble, seiTated. Anal laid flat does not reach caudal. 

 Tiled row of scales of moderate size. Afghanistan. 



3. Schizotheraic Edeniana, McClelland, 1. c. p. 579. Upper jaw the longer. Dor.sal spine feebly serrated near its base. Scales 

 rather above the ordinary size. Cabul river. 



B. Lower labial fold interrupted. 



a. Dorsal spine stroiig, serrated. 



4. Schizothorax niger, Heckel, Fische aus Cashmir, p. 29, t. v ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 164. Eye 1/5 of head. Upper jaw the 



3 Y 2 



