FAMILY, V— CYPRIXID^. 533 



advance of the ventrals and midway between the end of the snout and root of the caudal fin, its osseous ray 

 sti'ong, coarsely serrated, and as long as the head behind the angle of the mouth. Pectoral does not reach the 

 ventral, nor the latter the anal. Anal when laid flat nearly reaches the base of the caudal, which is deeply 

 forked. Scales — in tiled row but little develo])ed, the largest not being half as broad as the orbit. About 

 18 rows between the lateral-line and base of ventral fin. Golours — uniform silvery, sometimes having a few fine 

 spots: fins with darkish edges. 



McClelland placed this species as first amongst his Oreini. He, however, remarked "muzzle fleshy and 

 pointed, lips thick, somewhat pendulous and muscular." * * " Lengthened and fleshy snout, small mouth." 

 " Body much compressed." This fish, when eaten, is said by the natives of Assam to occasion swimming of 

 the head and temporary loss of reason for several days, without any particular derangement of the stomach. 



Habitat. — Himalayas, from the head waters of the Ganges to Suddya in Upper Assam. It is common 

 at Hurdwar where the Ganges debouches into the plains. It attains at least 20 inches in length. 



3. Schizothorax esocinus, Plate CXXIII. fig. 4. 

 Heckel, Fische aus Cashmir, p. 48, t. ix ; McClelland, Calcutta Journ. Nat. Hist, ii, p. 579 : Giinther, 

 Catal. vii, p. 166; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1887, p. 785. 



B. iii, D. 12 (t), P. 20, V. 10, A. 7 (f ), C. 20. 



Length of head 4j to 4|, of caudal of, height of body 7y in the total length. Eijes — diameter 6| in the 

 length of head, 2 diameters from the end of snout, and also apart. Interorbital space flat. The greatest width 

 of the head equals its height. Mouth slightly oblique, horse-shoe shaped, the upper jaw the longer : the 

 maxilla reaches to nearly below the front edge of the eye. Lower labial fold interrupted in the middle. 

 A horny covering to inside of the lower jaw. Barbels — the rostral ones more than half longer than the eye, 

 the maxillary a little shorter. Fins — the dorsal as high as the body, commencing slightly nearer the base 

 of the caudal than to the end of the snout : its last undivided ray osseous, coarsely serrated posteriorly, 

 whilst its bony portion is as long as the head excluding the snout. Pectoral does not quite reach the 

 ventral, the latter which arises beneath the second or third undivided dorsal i-ay extends two-thirds of the 

 distance to the anal. Length of base of anal about 3/7 of its height, when laid flat it reaches the caudal which 

 is deeply forked. Free portion of the tail as high at its base as it is long. Colours — -silvery, with numerous 

 black spots, most distinct in the upper half of the body. 



Habitat.— Leh or Ladak and head waters of the Indus, also Cashmere and Afghanistan. 



Genus, 7 — Pttcobaebus, Stehidachner. 



Abdomen rowided, snout conical, mouth arched, anterior or inferior. Two maxillary barbels. Pharyngeal 

 teeth compressed 4, 3/3, 4. Dorsal Jin situated opposite the ventrals, ivithoiit or loith a feeble osseous ray, lohich is 

 smooth or serrated: anal short. Scales small, covering the body, and forming a sheath at the base of the vent ami 

 anal fin. Lateral-line continued to the centre of the base of the caudal. 



Geographical distribution. — Head waters of the Indus, Tibet and Kashgar. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES.* 



1. Ptycoharbus conirostris, D. 11, A. 8. Tibet. 



1. Ptycobarbus conirostris, Plate CXXV, fig. 3. 



Steind., Verb, zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, 18G6, p. 789, t. 17, f. 4; GUnther, Catal. vii, p. 169; Day, Proc. 

 Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 789. 



B. iii, D. 10 (f), P. 22, V. 10, A. 7-8, C. 19, L. 1. 95, L. tr. 24/—. 



Length of head 4f- to 5, of caudal 7^, height of body 6i to 6| in the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 from 4j to 5^ in the length of head, 2 diameters from the end of snout, and 1^: apart. The greatest width of 

 the head is slightly less than its height, and equals its postorbital length. Mouth rather overhung by the 

 snout : the maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the orbit. Lower labial fold very broad, uninterrupted. 

 Barbels — a maxillary pair, which in the adult reach to the hind edge of the pre-opercle. Teeth — pharyngeal 

 ones, 4, 3/3, 4. Fins — the dorsal situated midway between the snout and the base of the caudal fin, it has 

 no osseous ray and is as high as the body below it. Pectoral as long as the head behind the nostril, and does 

 not quite reach the ventral, which latter arises beneath the last few dorsal rays, and extends two-thirds of the 

 distance to the base of the anal. Anal when laid flat reaches the base of the caudal, its base is 2^ in its 

 height. Scales— t\\e tUed row small, not equalling 1/3 of the diameter of the eye. Colours — silvery, darkest 

 on the back and upper half of the body, where most of the scales have dark edges. Upper surface of the 



* 1. Ptycoharhus laticeps. Day. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 789, Plate CXXV, f. 1. D. 10. L. 1. 145. One pair of maxillary 

 barbels. Lower jaw ;8omewhat the longer : head very broad and mouth wide. Last undivided dorsal ray weak, entire, from 

 Kashgar. 



2. Ptycoharhus longiceps, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 187fi. p. 790, and Fishes of Yarkand, Plate IV, f. 2, D. 12, A. 7, L. 1. 112. 

 Last undivided dorsal ray osseous and feebly serrated. From Yarkand. 



