FAMILY, V— CTPRINID^. 543 



more convex than that of the abdomen. The greatest width of the head equals its length excluding the snout. 

 Interorbital space convex. Snout thick, somevyhat projecting beyond the javFS, but without any lateral lobe.* 

 A few pores on the snout. Lower labial fold complete : lower lip fimbriated : a horny covering to the inside 

 of the lower lip. Gill-rakers very short and widely set. Barbels — a short maxillary, but no rostral pair. 

 Fins — the dorsal commences nearer to the snout than the root of the caudal, it is as high as the body, its upper 

 edge concave. Pectoral nearly as long as the head and does not reach the ventral, which latter is inserted 

 under the middle dorsal rays. Ventral does not extend to the anal, nor the latter to the caudal which is deeply 

 forked. Lateral-line- — 8 to 9 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin. Colours — silvery, 

 darkest superiorly. Fins orange. In some specimens a few light lines run along the sides, or a bluish band 

 along the body. A dark spot usually present near the base of the caudal, and sometimes a smaller one on the 

 lateral-line above the last third of the pectoral fin. 



In specimens from the Hooghly the barbels are very minute. 



Habitat. — Bengal, the Punjab, Central Provinces, Bombay, the Deccan, numerous at Jubbulpore and 

 Cutch, also found at Madras. The specimen figm-ed was from Poona. It attains at least 7|- inches in length. 



20. Labeo boga, Plate CXXVIII, fig. 3, and CXXXI, fig. 4. 



? Gyprirms fdlcatiis, Bloch, t. 412 : Bl. Schn. p. 441. 



Cyprinus boga. Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 286, 386, pi. 28, f . 80 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 432. 

 Gobio boga, McClell., Ind. Cyp. pp. 278, 361. 



.*" Ohondrostoma semivelatus, Cuv. and Val. xvii, p. 402 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 76. 

 Cirrhina boga, Steind. Sitz. Ak. Wiss. Wien, 1867, p. 64. 



Kinda-meen, and Goal-arinza-candee, T'am. : Ariza, Tel. ; Kala-battali, Ooriah : Bangmn-batta, Beng. : 

 Morah, Punj. : Kyouk-nya-loo, Burm. 



B. iii, D. ll-13(J-Jo), P. 16, V. 9, A. 7(1), C. 19, L. 1. 37-39, L. tr. 61-7/7, Vert. 17-15. 



Length of head 5^ to Si, of caudal -5, height of body 5-J- to 6-| in the total length. Eyes — somewhat 

 before the middle of the length of the head, 3a to 4 diameters in the length of head, 1 to 1^- diameters from the 

 end of snout, and l-i- apart. Dorsal profile rather more convex than that of the abdomen. The greatest width 

 of the head equals its length excluding the snout. Mouth rather narrow, its width equalling 1/3 of the length 

 of the head. Snout moderately projecting beyond the jaws, no lateral lobe. Lips rather thick, the lower being 

 reflected from off the mandible and internally roughened. A thin layer of cartilage to inner sui'face of lower 

 Up. Snout occasionally covered with large pores. Barbels — two minute maxillary ones. Teeth — pharyngeal, 

 5, 4, 3/3, 4, 5, plough-shaped. Fins — origin of dorsal considerably in advance of the ventrals, it is as long or 

 longer than the head and commences nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, upper margin concave ; 

 caudal deeply forked, lobes of equal length. Lateral-line — 5 rows of scales between it and the base of the 

 ventral fin. Colours — orange, with the fins of a reddish tinge : sometimes a dark spot on the shoulder. 



This may be Chondrostoma DuvauceJlii, Cuv. and Val. It is allied to L. bata, but has a larger eye, a 

 much lower body, a higher dorsal fin, whilst the lower jaw is not so much bent upwards anteriorly. 



There is a variety of this fish in upper Burma having the head more compressed, and only 4^ rows of 

 scales between the lateral-line and base of the ventral fin. 



Habitat. — Rivers of Gangetic Provinces, Madras, and Burma r said to attain a foot in length. 

 PI. cxxviii, f. 3, is from a Burmese specimen, and Plate cxxxi, f. 4. is an example from the Jumna. 



21. Labeo nukta, Plate CXXVIII, fig. 5. 



Cyprinus nukta, Sykes, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 325 ; , Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1849, p. 303. 



Carassius auratus, pt. Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 32 (not syn.) 



Labeo nukta. Day, Journ. Asi. Soc. of Bengal, 1872, Vol. XLI, p. 319. 



B. iii, D. 11 (f), P. 15, V. 9, A. 7 (I), C. 19, L. 1. 37-38, L. tr. 6/9. 



Length of head 5 to 6^, of caudal 4-1- to 5, height of body 4-1- in the total length. Eyes — diameter 6 in 

 the length of the head, 2-1- diameters from the end of snout, and also apart. The greatest width of the head 

 equals its length excluding the snout. Snout projecting over the mouth, and having a deep groove passing 

 from one orbit to the opposite one, thus occasioning the appearance as if there were a blunt compressed knob 

 between and before the orbits. Mouth transverse, of moderate width : the snout with a weU-developed lateral 

 lobe and a distinct inner fold to the lips at the angle of the mouth, and extending across the outer third of the 

 lower jaw, from which the lip is reflected and studded with pores, but neither lips are fringed. Both lips with 

 a thin deciduous horny layer internally. Some large pores on snout, forehead, and in the rostral groove. 

 GOl-rakers closely set and short. Barbels — a rudimentary maxillary pair. Lateral-line — badly marked, 4-| 

 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin. Fins — dorsal arises midway between the snout and 

 posterior extremity of the base of the anal fin, its anterior thi-ee rays are much elevated and higher than 

 the body, the last besides being divided to its root is also somewhat prolonged, making the upper mai-giu 



* Some Cutch specimens have a groove acros.': the snout, whilst their bodies are rather elongated. There is a very distinct 

 ridge inside the mouth over the symphysis of the lower j aw, more especially seen in the young. 



