554 PHTSOSTOMI. 



Genus, 17 — Thtxnichthts, BleeJcer. 



Mola, pt. Blytli. 



Pseudohranchue present. Abdomen rounded. Head somewhat compressed: integuments over snout thin : upper 

 lip absent: only a short labial fold on the side of the mandible. Mouth rather wide, antero-lateral, u-ith the lower 

 jaw somewhat j^rominent. No barbels. Gill rakers short or absent. Eijes in the middle of the depth of the head, 

 and tuithout amj adipose lid. Pharyngeal teeth molariform, compressed, close together, 5, 3 or 4, 2 or 3 | 3 or 2, 

 4 or 3, 5. Dorsal fin short, without osseous ray : ventral commencing below the dorsal : anal short and entirely 

 posterior to the dorsal. Scales small. Lateral-line complete, running to or a little below the centre of the base of the 

 caudal fin. Intestinal tract narrow, and tvith numerous convolutions. 



This Genus is separated from the succeeding one {AmUypharyngodon), irrespective of its pharyngeal 

 teeth, because of the position of the dorsal, ventral, and anal tins, and its liaving an entii-e instead of an 

 interrupted lateral-line. 



Geographical distribution. — The Kistna and Godavery rivers in India from the Dcccan to their 

 terminations : also the Malay Archipelago. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 

 1. Thynnichthys sandhhol, D. 12, A. 8, L. r. 120. Kistna and Godavery rivers. 

 1. Thynnichthys sandkhol, Plate CXXXIV, fig. 2. 



Leuciscus sandhhol, Sykcs, Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 3t33 ; Blocker, Beng. p. 68. 



Mula sandkhol. Day, Journ. Linn. Society, xii, 187(3, p. 674. 



Thynnichthys Gochinensis,* Giinthor, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1876, p. 401. 



Kala-tala and Ahku-chappah, Tel. : Bareing, Ooriah. 



B. iii, D. 12 (f), P. 19, V. 9, A. 8 (f), C. 19, L. r. 120, L. tr. 25-30/25. 



Length of head 4 to 4|, of caudal 4, height of body 3j to 4 in the total length. Eyes— in about 

 the centre of the depth of the head, diameter 3 to 5 in the length of the head, 1 to 1 J diameters from the end 

 of snout, and 1^ to 2* apart. Dorsal profile more convex than the abdominal. The width of the head equals 

 1/2, and the height 4/5, of its length. Tcrt/t— jiharyngeal, 5, 4, 3 | 3, 4, 5. F/«.s— dorsal 3/4 as high as the 

 body, its upper edge concave, its origin is slightly in advance of that of the ventral, and about midway between 

 the snout and base of the caudal fin, which latter is deeply lobed, the lower being the longer. Anal at some 

 distance behind the vertical from the end of the dorsal. Scales — 17 to 19 rows between the lateral-line and 

 base of the ventral fin. Colours — silvery : head purplish. 



Habitat.— Godsiverj and Kistna rivers, also the adjacent tanks. It attains above 18 inches in length. 



Genus, 18 — Asiblyphautngodon, Sleeker. 



Mola, Heckel and Blyth : IS rachy gramma. Day. 



PsexidohraMhice present. Abdomen rounded. Head somewhat compressed: integuments over snout thin : 

 upper lip absent : only a short labial fold on the side of the mandible. Mouth rather wide, antero-lateral, with the 

 lower jaw prominent. No barbels. Gill-rakers short or absent. Eyes in the middle of the depth of the head, and 

 without any adipose membrane. Pharyngeal teeth molariform, with the crowns flat or concave, 3, 2, 1 | 1, 2, 3. 

 Dorsal fin short, without osseous ray, and extending to nearly or quite above the commencement of the anal : ventral 

 in advance of the dorsal. Scales small. Lateral-line incomplete. 



Geographical distribution. — From Sind throughout the plains of India, Ceylon, and Burma. 



SYNOPSIS OP SPECIES. 



1. Ambhjpharyngodon Atkinsonii, D. 9-10, L. 1. 55-65. Nine or ten rows of scales between lateral-line 

 and base of ventral fin. Height of body ?j\ in the total length. Burma. 



2. Amblypharyngodon mola, D. 9, L. 1. 65-76. Nine or ten rows of scales between lateral-lijie and base 

 of ventral fin. Height of body 4 to 4^ in the total length. Sind, India (except the Malabar coast), Assam, and 

 Burma. 



3. Andihipharynf/odon microlepiis, D. 0, L. 1. 55-60. Five rows of scales between the lateral-line and base 

 i.f the ventral'fin. Height of body 4| to 5 in the total length. Hooghly, through Orissa, and down the 

 Coromaudcl coast to Madras. 



4. Amblyphari/nqodon melettinus, D. 9-10, L. 1. 50-57. Four rows of scales between lateral-line and base 

 of the ventral fin. Height of body 5 to 6i in the total length. (? Bombay), Malabar coast, and Southern India 

 from the Neilgherries to Madras : also Ceylon. 



* The single skin doscrihed by Dr. Gunther was prronfionslv stated to have come " from Cochin.'' It i.s a sjiccimen which I 

 personnlly oStiiiucd fresh, and prc'ser\cd at Eajahnmiidry on tlie Godavery. I probably took it to tlie British ilnseiim tor com])arison, 

 and aciidentallv left it ou the table. 



