564 PHYSOSTOMI. 



pharynffeal, pointed, curved, 5, 3, 2/2, 3, 5. Barhels — thin, both pairs shorter than the eye. Fhis — the dorsal 

 '3/i as hitih as the body with a concave upper edge : it commences anterior to the insertion of the ventral, and. 

 midway between the snout and the base of the caudal fin, its last undivided ray is a strong, broad, smooth 

 spine, nearly as long as the head in the immature, and sometimes longer in the adult, especially in specimens 

 from Canara. Pectoral as long or rather longer than the head. Anal laid flat reaches the caudal. Lateral- 

 line complete, 3^- rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin : 12 rows anterior to the dorsal 



fin. Free portion of the tail as high at its base as it is long. Colours — greenish-brown along the back, 

 becoming dull white glossed with gold on the sides and beneath. Fins grayish. Eyes golden. 



Eahitat. — Rivers along the bases of the Neilgherrics, Wynaad, and South Canara hills. It attains at 

 least 25 lbs. in weight. Some have been introduced into the Ootacamund lake. The figure is from a young 

 specimen, life size,"the dorsal spine not being well-developed, and the snout not so obtuse as in older specimens. 



13. Barbus hexagonolepis, Plate CXXXVII, fig 4. 



McClelland, Ind. Cyp. pp. 270, 33G, pi. il, f. 3. 



Bolcar and Boolooah, Assam. 



B. iii, D. 12(f), P. 17, V. 9, A. 7(1), C. 19, L. 1. 28-31, L. tr. mi\. 



Length of head 5 to h\, of caudal 5 to .51, height of body 5 to 6^ in the total length. %es— diameter 

 6 to 6 in th6 length of the head, l-i- to 2 diameters from the end of the snout, and 2^ apart. Dorsal and 

 abdominal jn-ofiles equally and slightly convex. Interorbital space rather convex. Upper jaw the longer. 

 Lower labial fold interrupted. Opercle higher than wide. Sometimes pores on the cheeks. Barbels — the 

 maxillary reach nearly to below the hind edge of the preopercle, the rostral ones are shorter. Fins— dorsal 

 2/3 as high as the body, it commences somewhat anterior to the insertion of the ventral, and about midway 

 between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal fin, its last undivided ray is strong, osseous, smooth, 

 with its stiff portion as long as the head excluding the snout. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the 

 snout, and not reaching the ventral. Anal laid flat does not extend to the base of the caudal which is deeply 

 forked. Lateral-line — complete, 2 to 2| rows of scales between it and the ventral : 10 to 11 rows before the 

 dorsal. Exposed portion of scales somewhat hexagonal. Free portion of tail rather longer than high. Colo2irs — 

 deep bluish-gray, fins dai-ker. 



The character of the interrupted groove behind the lower lip at once distinguishes this species from 

 B. Jiexastichus. 



Eahitat. — Assam in the larger rivers, and those from the Himalayas. It attains upwards of 2 feet m 

 length, and takes a fly or bait freely. The specimen figured (9 inches in length) was from Suddya. McClelland 

 con'sidered Gyprinus inditora, Ham. Buch. as a variety of this species, it is said to attain 9 feet in length. 



14. Barbus Dukai, Plate CXLIII, fig. 3. 



B. iii, D. 13(A), p. 15, V. 9, A. 7(1), C. 19, L. 1. 28-29, L. tr. 4/4. 



Length of head 4f to 5, of caudal 4| to 5, height of body 4^ to 5 in the total length. JJ^/es— diameter 

 3| to 4 in the length of the head, li diameters from the end of snout, and 1^ apart. Body elongated and 

 compressed. Interorbital space rather convex. Sides of snout and below the eye with large open tiibercles. 

 The maxilla reaches to beneath the commencement of the orbit. Lower labial fold interrupted. Barbels— 

 the rostral pair are slightly longer than the orbit, the maxillary pair almost reach the angle of the preopercle. 

 ^,;,j,s — ^tiie dorsal commences rather nearer the snout than the base of the caudal fin, and a little in advance of 

 the insertion of the ventral, its last undivided ray is strong, osseous, with its stiff portion as long as the head 

 excluding the snout, the fin is 3/4 as high as the body below it, having its upper edge very concave. Lateral- 

 ll.,ie — comjilete, 2 1 rows between it and the base of the ventral fin : 9 rows before the dorsal fin. The scales 

 covered with numerous horizontal strioe. Free portion of the tail rather longer than high. Colours— oi a 

 leaden tinge along the upper portion of the body, becoming dull white shot with gold on the sides and beneath, 

 edo-es of scales darkest. Fins yellow, with a dark band having a lighter outer edge along the upper and lower 

 edge of the caudal fin. 



Eahitat. — Teesta river Darjeeling, from whence Dr. Dnka sent me several examples, and after whom 1 

 have named it. The specimen figured (Hfo-size) is the largest : its having pores on the side of the mouth 

 would seem to denote that it is not the fry of some larger species. 



15. Barbus tor, Plate CXXXVI, fig. 5 ; and CXL, fig. 1.* 

 Cyprinus, tor, mosal and putitora ? Ham. Buch. Fish. Gang. pp. 303, 306, 388 ; Gray and Hard. Ind. 



Zool. ; McClelland, Ind. Cyp. pp. 271, 303, 337, 388, pi. xli, f. 3 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 197 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. 



and S. 1849, p. 311. 



Labeubarbus macrolepis, Heckel, Fische aus Kashmir, p. GO, t. x. f. 2 ; Bleeker, Bcng. p. 00. 



Barbus pro'geneius and j/jer/a^t^i^, McClelland, Ind. Cyp. pp. 270, 271, 334, 337; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 



1849, p. 311. 



» For an account of die natural history of the Mahascer, anil the siiort it aCfords, see " The Roil in India," by H. S. Thomas, 

 Mangalore, 1873. 



