FAMILY, V-CTPRINID^. .571 



first from below tte whole of the base of the dorsal to just beneath the lateral-line, tiic second commences four 

 scales beyond the posterior extremity of the base of the dorsal and descends to one scale below the lateral- 

 line, whilst the last is just before the base of the caudal and often wanting. Fins pinkish, edged with black. 

 Habitat.— The Wynaad, Neilgherry and Travancore ranges of hills and streams along their bases : also 

 the Cauvery river. It rarely attains three inches in length. 



B. — With tivo barbels {Capoiita). 

 a. With an osseous, serrated dorsal ray. 



35. Barbus macrolepidotus, Plate CXLII, fig. 1. 



Caiioeta inacrohindota, Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 280, pi. 4:77 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 267 ; Bleeker, Oost-Java, 

 p. 21. 



Samjjala macrolcpidota, (Kuhl and Van Hass.), Bleek. Prod. Cyp. p. 308, and Atl. Ich. Cyp. p. 112, 

 t. 38, f. 2. 



Barbus hampal, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 139. 



B. iii, D. 12(1), P. 17, V. 9, A. 7(f), C. 19, L. 1. 26, L. tr. 5/.5. 



Length of head 4|, of caudal 5, height of body 4j in the total length. Eyes — diameter 6 to Sy in the 

 length of head, IJ diameters from end of snout and also apart. Snout pointed, upper jaw slightly the longer ; 

 head compressed with its upper surface nearly flat. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to a 

 little behind the anterior edge of the orbit. No pores on the snout. Barbels — the maxillary as long as the 

 orbit. Fins — dorsal commences slightly nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, and opposite the 

 insertion of the ventrals, its last undivided ray is weak, (scarcely osseous), and finely serrated in nearly its 

 whole extent. Caudal deeply forked. Lateral-line — with 2| rows of scales between it and the base of tha 

 ventral fin : 10 rows before the dorsal fin. Free portion of the tail as high at its base as it is long. Colours — 

 silvery, lightest on the sides and below : fins orange, anterior edge of the dorsal and outer margins of the caudal 

 black. A badly developed darkish band from the dorsal to the ventral fin. 



Habitat. — Tavoy to the Malayan Peninsula : an example, personally obtained from the first locality, is 

 figured life-size. 



b. Osseous dorsal ray strong, entire. 



36. Barbus chola, Plate CXLII, fig. 4. 



Cyprinus chola. Ham. Buch. Fish. Gang. pp. 312, 389 ; Cut. and Val. xvi, p. 410. 

 Systomus chola, McClelland, Ind. Cyp. pp. 286, 384, pi. 58, f. 3 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, p. 316. 

 Systomus immacidatas, Blyth, J. A. S. of B. 18G0, p. 157. 

 Capoeta chola, Bleeker, Beng. p. 62. 

 Systomus sophore ? Bleeker, Beng. p. 127. 

 Puntius perlee. Day, Malabar Fish. p. 211. 



Barbus liacanthns, (pt.) sopihuroides, chola, and thermalis, Giinther, Catal. vii, pp. 141, 143, 144. 

 Koroon, Tarn. : Kerrundi, Beng. : Nga-Jchon-ma, and Nga-lowah, Burmese : F ittha-herruudi, " bitter carp" 

 Ooriah : Chaddu paddaka, Tel. : Katcha Jcarawa, Hind. 



B. iii, D. 11(f), P. 15, V. 9, A. 7(f), C. 19, L. 1. 26-28, L. tr. 5^/5. 



Length of head 4| to 4|, of caudal 4i, height of body 3j to 3| in the total length, i/^es— diameter 35- 

 to 4 in the length of the head, 3/4 to 1 diameter from end of snout, and Ij apart. Suborbital ring of bones 

 naiTOw, their depth not being 1/3 of that of the uncovered portion of the cheek. Interorbital space slightly 

 convex. Dorsal profile more convex than that of the abdomen. Jaws equal anteriorly. Barbels — a single 

 maxillary pair not so long as one diameter of the orbit. Fins — dorsal 3/5 as high as the body, it commences 

 opposite the ventrals and midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal fin, its last undivided 

 ray is osseous and smooth, with the stifi' portion moderately strong and as long as the head excluding the snout. 

 Lateral-line — complete, from 3 to 3^ rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin : lO to 12 rows 

 before the dorsal fin. Free portion of the tail rather higher than long. Colours — silverj', opercles shot with 

 purple and gold. A dark blotch is usually present on the side of the free portion of the tail from the 23rd to 

 the 25th scales of the lateral-line ; in some Malabar examples it is intensely black. A dark mark along the base 

 of the anterior of the dorsal rays, and a row of dark spots along its centre. Occasionally there is a dark mark 

 behind the gill-opening, especially in Bengal and Assam examples. 



In Burma the dorsal spine is stout, and that fin as well as the anal low. In Bengal and Punjab examples 

 the eye is rather large, often being 1/3 of the length of the head. In two species from Central India, received 

 from Captain Neill, the head is small, barbels short, and no black mark exists except the spot bffhind the 

 gill-opening. 



Habitat. — From Malabar and the Wynaad, through Madras, Orissa, the Punjab, Bengal, and Gangetic 

 Provinces, the Central Provinces, Assam, also Akyab and Burma to Mergui. It attains to about 5 inches in 

 length. As food it is bitter : in some localities in Burma oil is obtained from it during the breeding season. 

 The figure (liib-sizej is fi'om a Madras specimen. 



4 D 2 



