FAMILY, V— CTPRIXID^. 591 



absent. Teei/t— pharyngeal, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5. J'ms— dorsal higher than its base is long, it commences nearer the 

 base of the caudal fin than the snout, and does not extend to over the anal. Pectoral may or may not reach the 

 ventral, its outer six rays are thickened and very stiif in some examples, especially males from the hills. 

 Ventral in some does, in others does not reach the vent. Caudal forked, lower lobe usually slightly the longer. 

 Lateral-line— 2^ to 3| rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral fin : 20 rows before the base 

 of the dorsal kn. Colours — silvery shot with purple : back of a slaty gray descending in bars towards the 

 lateral-line, and most distinct in immature specimens. In adults these bars become indistinct and sometimes 

 lost. Each scale in adults with a black spot at its base, and two on each forming the lateral-line, but no spots 

 in the young. Fins whitish, tinged with orange. A gi-ay margin to the dorsal and caudal, the lower lobe of 

 which is sometimes stained black. Shoulder process black-edged. 



This fish shows considerable alterations in colour and form as it gets older, whilst there are likewise 

 individual variations that deserve notice as such have been considered species. 



Barilms hendelisis, fig. 7, is the young, with the bars well marked, the spots on the scales not yet 

 developed, and in which the size of the third suborbital shows great variations in comparison with the extent 

 of the uncovered portion of the cheek below it. The example figured was from Mysore, near where Buchanan 

 obtained his type. 



Variety B. eocsa, fig. 8, shows rather a deep third suborbital bone, the eyes a little larger, the dorsal, 

 pectoral and ventral not so developed as in the next variety. The size of the axillary process and the presence 

 or absence of bars on the back are subject to individual variation. Some dissected at Simla were females. 



Variety B. chedra, fig. 9, has the third suborbital less deep than in the preceding form, the dorsal, 

 pectoral and ventral more developed, and the axillary process larger. The outer pectoral rays are very stiff. 

 The example figured, was a male from Simla. 



The MSS. figure of Leucisciis rubripes, Jerdon, appears to be intended for this fish. 



The ova of this species is large, I found them breeding at Cuttack, in the month of November. 



Habitat. — Assam and Himalayas through the continent of India as far as the Western ghauts, not 

 recorded from the coast of Malabar or Canara nor from Sind. Found also in Ceylon froci whence Dr. Kelaart 

 brought some specimens to the museum of the East India Company. It attains at least six inches in length. 



B. — Willi, two barbels. (Bendilisis.) 

 6. Barilius barila, Plate CXLVIII, fig. 4. 



Cyprinus harila, Ham. Buch. Fish. Gang. pp. 267, 384; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 418. 



Cyprinus cJiedrio, Ham. Buch. 1. c. pp. 268, 384 ; Cuv. and Val. xvi, p. 419. 



Opsarius anisocheilus, McClell. Ind. Cyp. pp. 298, 422, pi. 48, fig. 8. 



Leuciscus barila, Bleeker, Beng. p. 66. 



Barilius morarensis, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 290. 



Barilius barila, Gunther, 1. c. p. 291 ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 378. 



Gilland and Caedra, Beng. : Persee, Hind. 



B. iii, D. 9(f), P. 13, V. 9, A. 13-14(T-iy!TT-), C. 19, L. 1. 43-46, L. tr. 7/5. 



Length of head 6 to 5J, of caudal nearly 6, height of body 5i to SJ in the total length. .Byes— diameter 

 3| to 4 in length of head, 3/4'to 1 diameter from end of snout and also apart. Jaws of equal length anteriorly. 

 The posterior extremity of the maxilla reaches to below the anterior third of the orbit. Third suborbital 

 bone wide and nearly touching the preopercular ridge. Barbels — a small rostral pair. Teeth — pharyngeal, 

 crooked, pointed, 5, 4, 3/3, 4, 5. Fins — dorsal commences midway between the posterior margin of the orbit 

 and the base of the caudal fin, and is almost entirely in advance of the anal. Pectoral nearly as long as the 

 head but does not quite reach the ventral : lower caudal lobe the longer. Lateral-line — 1| to 2 rows between it 

 and the base of the ventral fin : 18 rows before the dorsal fin. Colours— silvery, with 14 or 15 vertical blue 

 bands in the middle third of the side of the fish. 



In the example of B. barila, referred to in the B. M. Catal. the author has overlooked the barbels, which 

 though small are present. 



Eabitat.— Delhi, N. W. and Central Provinces, Bengal, Orissa, and Lower Assam. It grows to 4 inches 

 in length. 



C. — Without any or loith only rudimentary barbels. (Barilin:'). 



7. Barilius Bakeri, Plate CLI, fig. 2. 



Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 305, and Fish. Malabar, p. 218, pi. 18. 

 Pteropsarion Bakeri, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 284. 



B. iii, D. 13(t%), p. 15, V. 9, A. 16-17(=T=r^), C. 17, L. L 38, L. tr. 9/4. 



Length of head 4J to 4f, of caudal 4|, height of body 3i to 3f in the total length. iJi/es— diameter 

 4 in length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, 1\ diameters apart. Mouth compressed, lower jaw the 

 longer with a knob above the symphysis. The posterior extremity of the maxilla extends to nearly below 

 the centre of the orbit. Suborbital ring of bones wide, the third almost entirely covering the cheek. 

 Some pores exist along the margin of the lower lip, on the snout, and on the anterior edge of the preorl^ital. 

 Barbels— abseni. Tee^/i— pharyngeal, curved and pointed, 5, 4, 2/2, 4, 5. M/ts— dorsal commences nearly 

 midway between the front edge of the eye and the base of the caudal, extending to above the fourth anal 



