610 PHTSOSTOMI. 



wide brown, black, or green central band, by a light line, otherwise coloured as described above {Misgurnus 

 lateralis, Giitither).* 



Habitat. — Punjab, throughout India (except Mysore and south of the Kistna, and also the Malabar coast.) 

 I have them from Darjeeling, and several localities on the Himalayas. 



2. Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, Plate CLV, fig. 3. 



Gobitis thermalis, Cuv. and Val. sviii, p. 78; Bleeker, Beng. p. 70. 



Lepidocephaliohthijs thermalis, Bleeker, in Verh. Holl. Maat. Haar. 18Gi, Cyprin. and Cobit. Ceylon, p. G. 

 t. i, f. 1 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 364 ; Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 383. 



Gobitis Garmiaticus, Mysorensis, and ?rubripinriis, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, pp. 331, 332, 333. 

 Platacanthiis agrensis. Day, Pishes of Malabar, p. 201, pi. 14, f. 1. 

 Assaree, Tarn. : Jubbi cowri, Ooriah : B^lii, Hind. 



B. iii, D. 8(1), P. 7,V. 7, A. 7(1), C. 16. 



Length of head 5|, of caudal 6, height of body 51 in the total length. Eyes — almost entirely in the 

 anterior 1/2 of the head. Suborbital spine, strong. Barbels — eight, the longest extending to below the anterior 

 margin of the orbit. Fins — origin of dorsal slightly in advance of the ventral, and nearer the root of the 

 c audal than the snout. Caudal slightly emargiuate. The inner pectoral ray is modified in some adult males 

 into a flat osseous spine which is used for diving down into the mud. Scales — distinct, about 30 rows between 

 the base of the anal fin and the back. Goloiirs — sandy, with irregular blotches on the lateral-line, and others 

 along the back ; a black spot generally e.xists at the base of the upper half of the caudal fin. Dorsal fin with 

 black spots or bars, caudal with four bands. A dark streak often extends from the eye to the end of the snout. 



1 found 2,500 eggs in a female example. 



Habitat. — Southern India, the Malabar coast, the Wynaad, and Ceylon. 



3. Lepidocephalichthys Berdmorei, Plate CLIIl, fig. 3. 



Acaidhopsis Berdmorei, Blyth, Proc. Asi. Soc. of Bengal, 1860, p. 168. 

 Aeanthopsis micropogon, Blyth, 1. c. 

 Gobitis Berdmorei, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 550. 

 Nga-tha-lay-doh, Burmese. 



B. iii, D. 8( I), P. 10, V. 8, A. 7-8(^y, C. 17. 



Length of head 6 to 6i-, of caudal 6 to 6|:, height of body 5^ to 6 in the total length. Eyes — situated 

 just before the middle of the length of head, 2 diameters from the end of the snout. Suborbital spine bifid, 

 and extending to beneath the first third of the orbit. Barbels — two pairs of rostral and a maxillary pair 

 extending to below the hind edge of the orbit : the mandibular flap with two or three pairs of short ones. 

 Fins — dorsal 2/3 as high as the body below it, commencing slightly posterior to the ventral and midway between 

 the hind edge of the eye or even of the head and the base of tlio caudal fin, the latter of which is slightly 

 emarginate. Pectoral does not reach quite halfway to the ventral Scales — small, about 40 rows between the 

 anal fin and the back ; several rows (about 12) along the suborbital ring of bones. Colours — of a rich yellowish- 

 brown, with a dark line along the body composed of spots, u])per surface of body covered with fine markings : a 

 black spot at the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal and caudal fins lineated with fine spots : some also on the 

 outer portions of pectoral, ventral, and anal. 



Habitat. — Moulmein in Burma, where it is common. 



Genus, 5. — Acanthophthalmus, v. Hasselt. 



Pangio, Blyth. 



Body elongated and strongly compressed. An erectile, bifid, suborbital spine. Six barbels, one rostral and 

 two maxillary pairs. Dorsal fin situated in the posterior third of the body, anterior to the anal, but posterior to the 

 ventrals. 



Geographical distrihiUion. — North-east Bengal, Assam and Burma. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 

 1. Acanthophthalmus pangia. D. 8, A. 7. Cinnamon colour. N.E. Bengal to Upper Burma. 



1. Acanthophthalmus pangia, Plate CLV, fig. 6. 



Gobitis panqia. Ham. Buch, Fish, Ganges, pp. 355, 394 ; Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 75 ; Bleeker, Beng. 

 p. 70. 



Gobitis cinnamomea, McClell. Ind. Cyp. pp. 304, 435, pi. 51, f. 5. (from H. B.'s MSS.). 

 Canthophrys rubiginosus, Swainson, Pishes, ii, p. 310. 

 Pangio ciri.namomea, Blyth, Proc. A. S. of B. 1860, p. 169. 



* Dr. (Jiiniher'8 three examples of Misgurnus lateralis in the British Musenm, have all well-developed suborbital spines, 

 whereas in Ills dc'liiiitioii (if jzenns iJisgarnus, he correctly oliserves, " no suborbital spine." What he terms ■' the outer longer pair" 

 " of mandibular barbels" are identical with what are cotisidered " maxillary barbels,'' in his genus Lepidocephalichthys. 



