FAMILY", V— CYPRINID^. 615 



Ceylon, common in Assam. Although the variety N. aureus is found in Assam, it is more abundant thau 

 .V. htjtia in the upper portion of the Ganges and Jumna. It is also the form in the Nerbudda, and through the 

 Deccan, where however the N. botia is likewise to be obtained. 



5. Nemacheilus monoceros. 



Cohitis monoceros, McClell. Ind. Cyp. pp. 305, 438, pi. 52. fig. 2 ; Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 38 ; Bleeker, ' 

 Beng. p. 70. 



Nemacheilus monoceros, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 358. 



B. iii, D. 12, P. 12, V. 8, A. 6, C. 18. 



Length of head 1/4 of the total without the caudal fin. iJ?/es— situated behind the middle of the 

 length of the head. Ftras — (according to the figure) : upper margin of dorsal nearly straight, caudal rounded. 

 Colours — body greenish-yellow with a silvery lustre, opercles tinged with green. Caudal and dorsal streakeil 

 with numerous small brown bars. 



Habitat. — Assam. 



6. Nemacheilus pulchellus, Plate CLVI, fig. 7. 



Day, Journ. Linn. Soc. xi, p. 528. 



B. iii, D. 12(i%), P. 15, V. 9, A. 7(f), C. 21. 



Length of head 5-i, of caudal 4i, height of body 5 in the total length. Eyes — rather small, in the 

 middle of the length of the head, about two diameters from end of snout, and rather above one apart. Cleft of 

 mouth reaches 1/2 way to below orbit. Anterior profile of head very abrupt. The greatest width of the head 

 equals its length excluding the snout. Barbels — sis, the rostral thicker than the maxillary pair, and none more 

 than one diameter of the orbit in length. i^Mts — dorsal commences slightly nearer snout than base of caudal, its 

 upper edge oblique : the fin equal to the height of the body below it. Peetoi-al as long as the head, its central 

 rays tbe longest, it reaches 2/3 of the distance to the ventral, which latter extends nearly 3/4 of the way to 

 the anal, the last laid flat reaching the base of the caudal which has sharp lobes. Scales— very minute, most 

 apparent in the posterior portion of the body. Lateral-line — moderately distinct. Colours — this beautiful 

 little loach is of grayish colour, becoming whitish below : there are along the side between the head and 

 middle of the dorsal fin two rows of large, vertical, canary-yellow spots, ha-ving deep black margins: posterior 

 to which they become wide vertical bands 2/3 as wide as the ground colour. Caudal with three or four oblique 

 black bands, and a deep black spot at the centre of its base. Dorsal yellowish-orange at its upper anterior 

 portion, two wide black bars along its centre, and one across the anal. 



Habitat. — Bowany River to 2^ inches in length. 



7. Nemacheilus sinuatus, Plate CLVI, fig. 3. 



Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 371. 



B. iii, D. 10-11(^?8), P- 12, V. 8, A. 7(1), C. 18. 



Length of head 5, of caudal 5^- to 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Ei/es - situated slightly 

 before the middle of the length of the head, 2} diameters from end of snout, H diameters apart. The 

 greatest width of the head equals its length excluding the snout. Barbels — long and thin. Fins — dorsal 

 arises slightly in advance of tbe ventrals, and midway between the snout and the base of the caudal, which 

 last is cut square, but some of the outer rays are rather the shortest. ScflZes— distinct : 10 rows between the 

 lateral-hne and the base of the ventral fin. Lateral-line — ceases opposite the middle or end of the dorsal fin. 

 Colours-- o\i\e, with irregular vertical brown bands, having shorter intermediate ones. A black ocellus at the 

 upper portion of the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal yellow, with three or four rows of black spots. Caudal 

 orange with four > shaped bars, the centre of each of which is inverted. 



Habitat. — Wynaad. 



8. Nemacheilus guentheri, Plate CLVI, fig. 10. 



Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 18G7, p. 285; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 361. 



B. iii. D. 10-11(t?3), p. 11, V. 7, A. 7(|) C. 19. 



Length of head 5\, of caudal 6, height of body 7 in the total length. B)/es— situated just before the 

 middle of the length of the head, 1^ diameters from end of snout, 1 diameter apart. Width of the head 

 equals its length behind the orbit. Free portion of tail longer than deep. Fins — upper margin of dorsal 

 oblique, the fin commences about midway between the end of the snout and the base of the caudal, which 

 last is lobed. Pectoral extends three-fifths of the distance to the base of the ventral. Scales^ — small, but 

 distinct. Lateral-line— incomplete. CoZomj-s— pinkish, coarsely reticulated with olive brown markings, leaving 

 three rows of large spots along the side : a black band at the base of the caudal fin, which has two indistinct 

 dark bands across either lobe, the extremities of which are stained. Two rows of fine black dots along the 

 dorsal fin, and one across the anal. 



Habitat. — Rivers along the lower slopes and base of the Neilgherry hills. 



