FAMILY, V— CYPRINID^. 617 



diameter 1/5 of the length of the head and situated before the middle of its length, rather above 1 diameter 

 apart. The greatest width of the head equals its length, excluding the snout which is rather pointed. The 

 preorbital is in the form of an obtuse moveable projection, which is sometimes covered by skm. Barbels-- 

 short, but stout. i^iw..s— dorsal commences midway between the posterior margin of the orbit and the base of 

 the caudal fin. Pectoral reaches above half way to the root of the ventral : caudal with rounded lobes in the 

 adult, more pointed in the young. Free portion of the tail 2/3 as deep as long. .Sca/es— minute. _ Colours— 

 eleven to twelve vertical brown bands, each fi-om nearly as wide to three times as broad as the buff interspaces. 

 Caudal with a black band at its base, and a bar across each lobe. Dorsal with a black base and a black mark 

 at the base of its two first rays, and a dark bar across its centre. 



Nemachilus montanus, Giinther, although closely resembling the typical form, is not this species, but 

 A', multifasciatus. His description is from two specimens in the British Museum which are thus noted in the 

 catalogue. " Simla, ah. Probably the typical specimens, from the collection of the East India Company." 

 This supposition I consider incorrect : the specimens were from the collection of the East India Company, but 

 without any locality attached. McClelland (Calcutta Journal Natural History, 1842, ii, p. 673), enumerates 

 the species he sent to Europe up to that time, and the only loaches were, 1 Cnhitis Boutanensis and 1 G. marmorata: 

 and in the Chronological list of the contributions to the Museum at the Indian house (see preface to the 

 Catalogue of Mammalia, 1851), it will be seen that he only sent one collection. However, many fish from other 

 parts were received at various periods, but as this species appears to be absent from Simla, I prefer confinmg 

 JlcClelland's two names of Simla species to the two forms of loaches now found there, and which agree 

 moderately well with his descriptions. 



SaSitoi.— Himalayas : attaining at least 4.^ inches in length. 



13. Nemacheilus striatus, Plate CLIII, fig. 8. 



Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 347 ; Gdnther, Catal. vii, p. 353. 



Cul-irnm, and Kul-nakura, Tamil. 



B. iii, D. ll-12(^.Vo), P. 11, V. 8, A. 7(1), C. 17. 



Length of head 5^ to 7, of caudal 6 to 7, height of body 8 to 9 in the total length. Eyes— in the 

 middle of the length of the head, two diameters from the end of snout and U apart. The greatest width 

 of the head equals 1/2 its length. Barbels— well developed, the external rostral pair reaching the 

 posterior, and the internal to the anterior margin of the eye : whilst the maxillary one extends to the hind 

 edo-e of the orbit. JFi'»..s— dorsal arises slightly in advance of the ventrals, and nearer the snout than the base 

 of "the caudal fin: the caudal slightly lobed at its posterior extremity. Sca/es— developed, especially in the 

 posterior part of the body. Lateral-line- well marked : 15 rows of scales between it and the base of the ventral 

 fin. CoZo Mrs— light reddish brown, with narrow vertical bands darker than the ground colour, and most 

 distinct in the posterior portion of the body, where there are from 12 to 16 behind the commencement of the 

 dorsal fin, and several more between that and the head, which last is marked all over with black lines and spots. 

 A black band at the base of the caudal fin. Dorsal brilliant orange, with a black edge having* a light external 

 margin, and a dark base : or else one or two rows of spots. Anal orange with some dull black spots : caudal 

 likewise yellow and spotted in two rows. 



Eabitat.—Wj-aaad at 3000 feet elevation. It attains 2^ inches in length. 



14. Nemacheilus multifasciatus, Plate CLIII, fig. 7. 



? Schistura suhfusca, McClelland, Ind. Cyp. pp. 308, 443, pi. 53, f. 5. 



? Cobitis subfuscus, Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 80 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 70. 



Nemachilus montanus, Gunther, Catal. vii, p. 350 (not Schistura montana, McClelland). 



Nemachilus subfuscus, Giinther, 1. c. p. 351. 



B. iii, D. 10(1), P. 11, V. 9, A. 7(f), C. 18. 



Lencrth of head 5^, of caudal 5^, height of body 6 in the total length. Eye.! -situated partly before 

 the middle of the length of the head, 2i to 2| diameters from end of snout and If apart. No enlargement 

 of the preorbital, Snout compressed. Mouth narrow. Barbels— the maxillary pair rather longer than the 

 eve the two rostral pairs slightly shorter. FiVis— dorsal commences about midway between the end of the 

 snout and the base of the caudal fin, which latter is lobed in its last fourth. Pectoral reaches half way to the 

 ventral Scales— small, most di.stinct in the last half of the body. LaieraZ-Z/He— complete. Colours -Yert\cn\ 

 bands as wide as the .gi'ound colour, pass from the back to the lower surface of the_ abdomen, those between the 

 head and the dorsal fin are numerous, whilst there are about five posterior to it. In some examples these 

 anterior bands coalesce. A dark band at the base of the caudal and dark marks on the head radiating froni 

 the eye. Fins yellow, the dorsal with four bands of spots and an equal number or more on the caudal. 

 Ventral and anal with two bands each. 



Habitat. — Darjeeling and Assam. The example figured (life size) was from Darjeeling. 



15. Nemacheilus Denisonii, Plate CLIII, fig. 5. 

 Cobitis montanus, Jerdon, M. J. L. and S. 1849, p. 332 (not McClelland). 



4 K 



