FAMILY, V-CYPRINID^. 610 



Lengtli of head 5, of caudal 5, height of body 65 in the total length. Syes— diameter 1/5 of length 

 of head, two diameters from end of snout, 1-^ diameters apart. Body with rather compressed sides. The 

 free portion of the base of the caudal rather longer than high. Snout pointed : no enlargement of pre-orbital. 

 The greatest width of the head equals its postorbital length. Barbels — all about as long as the eye. Finn — 

 dorsal arises midway between snout and base of caudal, its upper margin is straight : pectorals extend a little 

 above half way to the base of ventrals : caudal forked. Scales — small, but distinct : there being twelve rows 

 above the lateral-line, and thirteen between it and the base of the ventral fin. Lateral-line — commences by 

 two roots, which soon coalesce, when it is continued to the base of the caudal. Colours — yellowish, with 

 a green tinge : about fifteen brown bands, one-third as wide as the ground colour, pass across the back and 

 descend on either side below the lateral-line : a few near the head, and some in the posterior third of the body 

 are interrupted. Upper surface of head marbled with black. Fins immaculate, but the two first anal rays are 

 black anteriorly, and there are also slight black marks near the end of the ventrals and on the outer side of 

 the pectorals. Rostral barbels orange. The young have a wide silvery band along the side, ending in a dark 

 mark at the base of the caudal fin. 



Habitat. — Throughout the Jumna and Ganges rivers and their affluents, Bheer Bhoom, Assam and 

 Orissa. It attains at least two inches in length : the example figured (life-size) was from Midnapore. 



20. Nemacheilus cincticauda, Plate CLVI, fig. 6. 

 Cohitis cincticauda, Blyth, J. A. S. of B. 1860, p. 172. 

 Nemacheilus cincticauda, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1869, p. 562. 



B. iii, D. 10(f), P. 11, V. 8, A. 7(f), C. 19. 



Length of head 6|, of caudal 4^, height of body 61 to 7 in the total length. Eyes — situated in 

 the middle of the length of the head, 2 diameters from end of snout, Ij diameters apart. Preorbital 

 projecting and with a free lower edge in some but not in all examples. Barbels — well-developed, the maxillary 

 reaching to below the front edge of the orbit. The free portion of the tail longer than high. Fins — dorsal 

 with its upper margin straight, it arises nearer the snout than the base of the caudal, which last is slightly 

 .forked with pointed lobes. Pectoral extends three-fourths of the distance to the ventral. Sca/es— minute. 

 (JoZowrs— yellowish, with ten regular brown zones encircling the body, and sometimes but not always broader 

 than the ground colour, or the bands may be broken up and irregular : a dark bar at the base of the caudal, 

 and a dark band between the eye and the snout : occasionally a dark mark on the opercle. Dorsal with some 

 black spots. 



Habitat. — Burma. The example figured was from Prome. 



21. Nemacheilus triangularis, Plate CLllI, fig. 10. 



Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1865, p. 295, and Pishes of Malabar, p. 203, pi. 14, fig. 1 ; Giinther, Catal. vii. 

 p. 352. 



B. iii, D. 10(f), P. 11, V. 9, ^. 7(f), C. 19. 



Length of head 6|, of caudal 5^, height of body 6 in the total length. i?yes -diameter 4| in length of 

 head, 2 diameters from end of snout and 1 apart. The greatest width of the head equals half its length. 

 Barbels — of moderate length. Fins — upper margin of dorsal fin oblique, it commences midway between the 

 end of the snout and the base of the caudal, which latter is emarginate. Scales — small but distinct in the last 

 portion of the body : upwards of 20 rows between the lateral-line and base of the ventral fin. Lateral-line— 

 complete. Colours — yellowish, with about seven black-edged bands on the body and head disposed in a 

 > shape. Dorsal with three irregular rows of black spots. Pectoral, ventral, and anal unspotted, but stained 

 at their margins. Several oblique bars across each lobe of the caudal which has a black mark at its base. 



Habitat. — Travancore hills. 



22. Nemacheilus savona, Plate CLV, fig. 8. 



Cobitis savona, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 357, 394 ; McClelland, Ind. Cvp. pp. 308, 442, pi. 53, 

 fig. 3 (from H. B.'s MS.) ; Cuv. and Val. xviii, p. 32 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 70. 

 Acoura obscura, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 310. 

 Nemachilus savona, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 354. 

 Savon-Jchorka, Beng. 



B. iii, D. 10-11( V)> P- 10- V. 7, A. 7(f), C. 18. 



Length of head 4^ to 4f, of caudal 5^ to 6, height of body 6 in the total length. Eyes — rather large, 

 rather behind the middle of the length of the head, 2 diameters from the end of snout, and'li apart. Hciid, 

 as broad as it is long without the snout. Barbels— long, the rosti-al and maxillary ones reach the- eye. Fins — 

 dorsal with its upper edge rather convex, it arises midway between the anterior edge of the orbit and the 

 base of the caudal fin, and its commencement is before the origin of the ventrals. Pectoral extends two-thirds 

 of the distance to the ventral, which last scarcely reaches half way to the anal. Caudal very slightly 

 emarginate, its lobes being rounded. Lateral-line — incomplete. Scales — small, most distinct in the posterior 

 portion of the body. Colours — purplish, becoming lighter on the abdomen, having from ten to twelve very 



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