(S24 PHTSOSTOMI. 



Sixth group — Elops^formep. 

 Mouth antero-lateral, lower jaw the longer. An osseous gular plate. Abdomen rounded and smooth. 



12. Eluim — Psendobrancliiw well developed. Scales small, p. 649. 



13. Meyalops — Pseudobranchise rudimentary or absent. Scales large, p. 660. 



Seventh group— CiiAxix.BFor.MEs. 



Mouth anterior, transverse, small. Eyes subcutaneous. Teeth absent. Gill-membranes entirely 

 united. Abdomen rounded and smooth. 



14. Ghaiios. Scales small, p. 6.51. 



First group — Engrauliformes. 



Mouth with a very deep cleft : upper jaw prominent. Premaxillaries small and united to the 

 maxillaries, the latter being elongated. Eyes covered by skin. 



Genus 1 — Engraulis, Olivier. 



Stolepliorus, Lacepede : Thryssa and Telara, Cuvier : Setipimia, Swainson : Pterengraulis, Lycengraulis, 

 [jycathrifsa and Heterothrissa, Giinther. 



Branehiostegah short and rather numerous. Gill-openings vjide, the memhrane connecting the two sides 

 being short, thus leaving the isthmus uncovered. Body oblong or elongated, compressed, and serrated along the 

 abdominal edge. Cleft of mouth lateral : snout conical : the upper jaw the longer : maxillaries of varying length, 

 but always long, having a membraneous attachment to the cheeks. Teeth small, sometimes of unequal size, usually 

 present on the jaws, vomer, palatine and. pterygoid bones. The dorsal fin may be wholly or partially in advance of 

 or entirely posterior to the origin of the anal : the upper pectoral rays may or may not be prolonged: anal tvith 

 many or a moderate number of rays. Scales large or of moderate size. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



a. Dorsal fin in adva.nce of that of the anal. 



1. Engranlis Hamiltonii, D. 1 -j- 13, A. 40-41, L. 1. 44, L. tr. 11-12. Height of body 4i in the total 

 length. Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla nearly reaches base of pectoral fin. Black venules on shoulder. 

 Seas of India to Malay Arcbipelago. 



2. Engranlis Malaharicus, D. 1 + 14-15, A. 40-43, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 11-12. Height of body 3| in 

 the total lenotli. Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Venules on shoulder : pectoral fin 

 sometimes black. Seas of India. 



3. Engranlis mysta.e,T). 1-f 1.3-1.5, A. 3.5-38, L. 1. 4.5, L. tr. 12. Height of body 4| to 4f in the 

 total length. ' Snout projecting. Maxilla reaches base of pectoral fin. Venules on shoulder. Seas of India to 

 Malay Archipelago. 



4. Engranlis Kammalensis, D. 1 + 13-14, A. 34-38, L. 1. 36-38, L. tr. 9-10. Height of body 4 in 

 the total length. Snout projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Venules on shoulder. Seas of India. 



5. Engraulis boelama, D. 14-16, A. 29-32, L. 1. 41, L. tr. 8. Height of body 5 in the total length. 

 Snout projecting very much. Maxilla reaches slightly behind mandibular joint. Bluish, becoming silvery 

 on the sides. Red Sea through those of India to Mysol and Manado. 



6. Engranlis setirostris, D. 1 + 14-16, A. 34-38, L. 1. 36-44, L. tr. 11. Height of body 4^ to 5 in 

 the total length. Snout very slightly projecting : angle of mouth below hind edge of eye. Maxilla reaches 

 end of ventral fin. Greenish, with silvery sides. Red Sea, Seas of India to Malay Archipelasjo. 



7. Engraulis Dussumieri, D. 1 + 13-1.5, A. 34-36, L. 1. 40-42, L. tr. 9. Height of body 4i to 41 in 

 the total length. Snout considerably projecting : angle of mouth far behind the hind edge of the eye. Maxilla 

 reaches to ventral fin. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



b. Dorsal fin partly or entirely above the anal. 



8. Engraulis telara, D. 1 + 14-15, A. 70-80, L. 1. 52, L. tr. 14. Height of body 4^ in the total length. 

 Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. Upper pectoral ray elongated. Fresh and brackish 

 waters of Bengal and Burma. 



9. Engraulis breviceps, D. 1 + 17, A. 60-64, L. 1. 54-56, L. tr. 14. Height of body 4 to 4^ in the 

 total length. Lower jaw slightly prominent. Maxilla reaches mandibular joint. Upper pectoral ray elongated. 

 Bay of Bengal to the Malay Archipelago. 



10. Engraulis taty, D. 1 + 13-15, A. 51-57, L. 1. 42-46, L. tr. 12. Height of body 3f to 4 in the 

 total length. Snout slightly projecting. Maxilla reaches giU-opening. Upper pectoral ray elongated. Seas 

 and estuaries of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



11. Engraulis p)urava, D. 1 + 13, A. 45-47, L. 1. 46, L. tr. 12. Height of body _4|- to 4^ in the 

 total lentjth. Snout not projecting. Maxilla reaches base of pectoral fin. Seas and estuaries of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago. - • ■ f 



12. Engraulis Commersonianus, D. 14-16, A. 19-21, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 8-9. Height of body 5j to 5f in 

 the total length. Snout projecting considerably. Maxilla reaches gill-opening. A broad, silvery, lateral band. 

 Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



