«'~ FAMILY, VI-CLUPEID^. C25 



13. ^ Engmulis huhcuii, D. 15-16, A. 19, L. 1. 40, L. tr. 8-9. Height of body 6 to 6.^ in the total length. 

 Snout projecting considerably. Maxilla enlarged and truncated opposite mandibular joint. A broad, silvery, 

 lateral band. Seas and estuaries of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



14:. EngrauHs tri\ D. 1 + 14-15, A. 20-22, L. 1. 38, L. tr. 8. Height of body 5 to 5^ in the total length. 

 Snout projecting. Maxilla reaches gill opening. A silvery lateral band. 



a. Origin of dorsal fin in advance of that of the anal. 



1. Engraulis Hamiltonii, Plate CLVII, fig. 4. 



Chipea, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 72, and Pooratvah, fig. 189. 

 Thryssa pooravKih, Cuvicr, Regne Anim. : Jcrdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 145. 

 Thryssa Hamiltonii, Gray and Hard. 111. Ind. Zool. 



Thryssa .'iubsjmiosa, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 293; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 145. 

 Engraulis Grayi, Bleeker, Haring. p. 41, and Ich. Riouw, p. 492 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 333. 

 Engraulis Hamiltonii, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 66 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74 ; Day, Fiiih. Malabar, p. 239 ; 

 Giiuther, Catal. vii, p. 395. 



Btolephorus Hamiltoni, Bleeker, Ceram, p. 261, and Atl. Ich. vi, t. 259, f. 5. 

 Engraulis poorawah, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 132. 



B. xii, D 1 +13(yV). P- 12, V. 7, A. 40-41(3^23 5-'), C. 19, L. 1. 44, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 5|- to 5|, of caudal 5j, height of body 4j in the total length. Eyes — subcutaneous, 4J 

 diameters in the length of the head, 3/4 of a diameter from the end of snout, and 1 apart. Snout slightly in 

 advance of the end of the lower jaw : the maxilla enlarged opposite the mandibular joint and nearly reaching the 

 base of the pectoral fin : opercle rather more than twice as high as wide. Teeth — fine ones in jaws, vomer, palate 

 and on the tongue. Fins — dorsal commences about midway between the end of the snout and the base of the 

 caudal fin, which latter has the lower lobe somewhat the longer. Pectoral reaches to above the middle of the 

 small ventrals. Anal commences behind the vertical from the last dorsal ray. Scales — scutes strono-, anterior 

 to the ventral there are 16, and 10 posterior to it. Gill-rakers — about 13 along the horizontal limb of the 

 outer branchial arch : they are nearly as long as the eye. Pseudobranchiae rudimentary. Golours — bronze 

 along the back, which in the fresh state is divided by a silvery band from the purple and gold tinted abdomen. 

 Black venules on the shoulder behind the upper half of the opercle. Fins yellow, dorsal sometimes ed^etl 

 with black. 



Habitat. — Sind, through seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



2. Engraulis Malabaricus, Plate CLVII, fig. 5. 



Clupea Malabarica, Bloch, plate 432. 



Chipea, Russell, Pish. Vizag. ii, p. 75, and Poorwa, fig. 194. 



Engraulis Malabaricus, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 63, pi. 609 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74 ; D.iy, Fish. Malabai', p. 

 239 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 395. 



Thryssa Cuvieri and Malabaricus, Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 293. 

 Monangoo, Mai. : Poor-relan, Tam. 



B. xii, D. 1+ 14-15(V.^), P. 14, V. 7, A. 40-43(^:4^), C. 20, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 6, of caudal 5|, height of body 3| in the total length. Eyes — subcutaneous, diameter 

 4? in the length of head, 3/4 of a diameter from end of snout, and 1^ apart. Snout slightly in advance of the 



lower jaw. Maxilla dilated above the mandibular joint, it extends posteriorly to the gill-openino-. Teeth 



fine ones in the jaws and on the palate. Fiiis — doi'sal commences rather nearer to the snout than to the base 

 of the caudal fin. Anal commences behind the vertical from the last dorsal ray. Pectoral reaches the base of 

 the ventral. Scales — regularly arranged : 17 scutes before and 9 or 10 behind the base of the ventral fin. 

 Gill-rakers about 1/2 the length of the eye, from 21 to 25 on the horizontal branch of the outer branchial 

 arch. Pseudobranchia3 rudimentary. Colours — silvery shot with gold and purple : black venules on the 

 shoulder, fins yellow : dorsal and end of caudal edged with dark. Pectoral sometimes, but not usually, black. 



Habitat. — Coasts of Sind and through the seas of India. 



3. Engraulis mystax, Plate CLVII, fig. 3. 



Clupea mystax, Bloch, Schneider, p. 426, t. 83. 

 Thryssa mystax, Cuv. Regne Anim. ; Richards. Ich. China, p. 309. 



Engraulis mystax, Cuv. and Val. xxi, p. 67 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74, and Atl. Ich. vi, p. 132, t. 261, f. 2 

 (not Haring. p. 43) ; Cantor, Catal. Mai. Fish. p. 307. 

 Thryssa porava, Bleeker, Madura, p. 14. 



Engraulis mystacoides, Bleeker, Haring. p. 42 ; Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 396. 

 Engrcmlis Hamiltoni, Kner, Novara Fische, p. 334. , 



Stolephorus (Thyssa) mystax, Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, t. 261. 



B. xii-xiv, D. 1 + 13-15(to't^), P. 12, V. 7, A. 35-38(3|:|5), C. 19, L. 1. 45, L. tr. 12. 



