FAMILY, VI— CLUPEID^. 635 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



A. — Teeth in lower jaw.* 

 a. — Teetli on tongue, palatines, pterygoids, hut none on the vomer. 



1. Clupea kowal, D. 19, A. 20-22, L. 1. 45, L. tr. 11-12. Length of head 5, height of body o\ to 3^ in 

 the total. Eyes 3 in length of head. Seas of Africa and India to the Malay Archipelago. 



2. Clupea atricauda, D. 18, A. 17-19, L. I. 44-45, L. tr. 11. Length of head 4f, height of body 4| in the 

 total. Eyes 3J to 4 in length of head. Caudal black tipped. Andamans to the Malay Archipelago. 



3. Glupea Klunzei, D. 17-18, A. 17-18, L. 1. 46, L. tr. 11-12. Length of head 4^ to i%, height of body 

 4i to 4| in length of head. Eyes 3 to 3i in the length of head. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



4. Clupea leiogaster, D. 17-18, A. 18-20, L. 1. 40, L. tr. 11-12. Length of head 5 to 5i height of body 

 5i to 6 in the total length. Eyes 3^ to 4 in the length of head. Ceylon to the Malay Archipelago. 



6. Clupea longiceps, D. 16-17, A. 14-16, L. 1. 45-48. Length of head 3f to 4, height of body 5 to b\ in 

 the total length. Eyes 41 to 5 in the length of head. Seas of Sind and India to the Malay Archipelago. 

 h. — Teeth on tongue and palatines, none on pterygoid or vomer. 



6. Clupea fimhriata, D. 18-19, A. 19-20, L. 1. 45-48. Length of head 5 to 5 J, height of body 4 to 4f in 

 the total length. Eyes 3i in length of head. Red Sea, seas of India to the M^day Archipelago. 



c. — Teeth on tongue, none on palatines, pterygoids, or vomer. 



7. Clupea Slndensis, D. 16-17, A. 18-19, L. 41-44, L. tr. 11. Length of head 4f to 5, height of body 4J 

 to H in the total length. Eyes 4i in length of head. Tail fin sometimes dark tipped. Seas of Africa and 

 India. 



B. — No teeth in the jaws. 



a. — Teeth on pterygoids and on the tongue : none on vomer or palatines. 



8. Cliq^ea lile, D. 14-15, A. 17-20, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 9-10. Length of head 5 to 5,^ height of body 3| 

 to 3| in the total length. Eyes 3 to 3i in length of head. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



6. — No teeth inside mouth. 



9. Clupea variegata, D. 15-18, A. 24-29, L. 1. 90, L. tr. 35. Length of head 4^ to 4|-, height of body 3 

 in the total length. Eyes 4 to 4i in the length of head. Fresh waters of Burma. 



10. Clupea chapra, D. 14-16, A. 21-24, L. 1. 80-110, L. tr. 33-35. Length of head 4i to 4^, height of 

 body 3i to 4 in the total length. Eyes 3.V in the length of head. Fresh waters of India. 



11. Clupea ilisha, D. 18-19, A. 19-22, L. 1. 46-49, L. tr. 17-19. Length of head 4^ to ^, height of 

 body 3-1- to 3| in the total length. Eyes before the middle of length of head. Persian Gulf and seas of India 

 to Burma and the Malay Archipelago : ascending rivers to breed. 



12. Glupea kanagurta, D. 17, A. 20-21, L. 1. 42-45, L. tr. 13-14. Length of head 4^, height of body 3^ 

 to 3i in the total length. Eyes just in front of middle of length of head. Seas and estuaries of India and the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



13. Clupea toll, D. 16-17, A. 19-20, L. 1. 39-40, L. tr. 13-14. Length of head 5 to 5i, height of body 

 3i to 4 in the total length. Eyes 4i in length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and China. 



14. Glupea melanwra, D. 15-16, A. 18-19, L. 1. 38-40, L. tr. 10-11. Length of head 5, height of body 4 

 to 5 in the total length. Eyes 3 to 3i in length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout. Seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago. 



A. — Teeth in lower jaw. 

 a. — Teeth on tongue, palatines, pterygoids, hut not on the vomer. 



1. Clupea brachysoma, Plate CLXIII, fig. 3. 



Kowala fhoracata (Cuv. and Val. xx, p. 303 Y) ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 74 ; Cantor, Malay. Fish. p. 296 ; 

 Jerdon, Mad. Journ. Lit. and Science, 1851, p. 145. 



Sardinella brachysoma, Bleeker, Haring. p. 19. 



Clupea hrachysoma, Giinther, Catal. vii, p. 423 ; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 104, t. 267, f. 2. 



Alosa kowal, Giinther, Fish. Zanzibar, p. 123. 



Clupea kowal, Gunther, Catal. vii, pp. 4-50-60 (pt.) ; Blocker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 109. 



Currudden toaddy, Mai. 



B. vi, D. 19(J^), P. 17, V. 8, A. 20-22(-r|:^), C. 20, L. 1. 45, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 5, of caudal 4|, height of body 3^ to 3^ in the total length. Eyes—vfith broad adipose 

 lids, diameter about 3 in the length of the head, nearly 1 diameter from the end of snout, and 4/5 of a diameter 

 apart. Abodminal profile more convex than the dorsal. Lower jaw rather prominent : maxilla reaching to 

 below the first third or middle of the eye. Operele rather more than twice as high as wide. Teeth— a, few on 



* In some instances these are lost, occasionally they are very minute or even not developed. 



4 M 2 



