648 PHTSOSTOMI. 



Bussmtiima acuta, Cnv. and Val. xx, p. 467, pi. 606 ; Cantoi-, Mai. Fish. p. 2^6 ; Blccker, Beng. p. 72 ; 

 Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 146 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 226 ; Kner, Fisch. Novara, p. 330 ; Giinther, 

 Catal. vii, p. 466; Bleeker, Atl. Ich. vi, p. 94, t. 271, f. 1. 



Dussumieria elopsoides, Bleeker, Madura, p. 12, and Chiroc. p. 12, and I^at. Tyds. Ned. Ind. i, p. 421. 



Foonduouringa, Tarn. : O-ind-dah, Andam. 



B. xiv-xv, D. 19-20(T|:-h-). P- 14, V. 8, A. 14-17(T4:f *), C. 21, L. 1. 40-42, L. tr. 11-12. 



Length of head 5 to 6|, of caudal 5, height of body 5 to 5i in the total length. Eyes — with broad 

 adipose lids, diameter 1/4 of length of head, IJ diameters from the end of the snout and nearly 1 apart. Abdominal 

 profile more convex than that of the back. Height of head equals its length excluding the snout. Snout 

 pointed : lower jaw slightly the longer when the mouth is closed. The maxilla reaches to below the front edge 

 of the eye. Opercle twice as high as wide. Teeth — in a single row in the jaws, also present on tongue and 

 jialate, but not on the vomer. Fins — the dorsal commences midway between the front edge of the eye and the 

 base of the caudal fin : ventral inserted beneath the last half of the dorsal. Scales — very deciduous. Gill- 

 rakers rather widely set, 1/2 as long as the eye, and about 22 in the horizontal branch of the outer branchial 

 arch. Colours — the same as in 1). HasseUii. 



Cantor says this species has been preserved h liuile. It is termed a Sardine by the inhabitants and 

 residents in Malabar, where it is very common and is excellent eating. 



Habitat. — From Sind through the seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. It attains at least 7 inches in 

 length. 



Genus, 10 — Speatelloides, Bleeker. 



BrancMostegals six : pseudobranckim ivell developed. Gill-membranes entirely separated: no osseous gular 

 plate. Body elongated, moderately compressed or sub-cylindrical : abdomen rounded. Snout compressed : the mouth 

 anterior, having a lateral cleft : the v,pperjaw 7int overlapping the lower. Eyes wifhotit adipose lids. Teeth small and 

 deciduous, but riiay be present on the jaws, vomer, pterygoids, and tcjngue. Dorsal fin placed opposite the ventrals : 

 anal of moderate length or shoH. Scales of medium size, rather deciduous. Pyloric appendages in moderate 

 immb&rs. 



Geographical distribution. — Western Coast of India, Malay Archipelago to Australia, also the North 

 Pacific. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Spratelloides Malabaricus, D. 14, A. 18, L. 1. 38, L. tr. 9. Silvery, Malabar. 



1. Spratelloides Malabaricus, Plate CLXI, fig. 5. 



Day, Proceedings Zoological Society, 1873, p. 240. 



B. vi, D. 13-14(^?tt). P- 13, V. 8, A. 18-19(-jT;t-f^), C. 19, L. 1. 38, L. tr. 9. 



Length of head (its proportion increases with age) 4i to 6f , of caudal .5^, height of body 5]; in the 

 total length. Eyes — subcutaneous, dinmeter 1/3 of length of head, 1 diameter from the end of snout, and 3 '4 

 of a diameter apart. Abdominal profile I'ather more convex than the dorsal. Lower jaw rather longer than 

 the upper. The maxilla reaches to below the front edge or first 1/3 of the orbit. Teetli — minute and deciduous 

 in both jaws. Fins — dorsal commences slightly anterior to the origin of the ventral, and rather nearer the end 

 of snout than the base of the caudal tin, which latter is deeply forked. Colours — light yellowish-green 

 superiorly, a silvery stripe along the side, abdomen silvery : upper caudal lobe with a bluish posterior edge : 

 some fine black points along the back : upper edge of eye dark green. 



Habitat. — Western Coast of India, in rivers and estuaries. It attains 3 inches in length, and is not 

 uncommon. 



Fifth group— Albulix^formes. 



Mouth inferior and of moderate width : upper jaw projecting. Teeth in jaws. 



Genus, 11 — Albula, Gronovins. 



Butyrvnus, Lacep. : Glossodus (Cuv.) Agassiz. : Conorhynchus (Nozeman), Blocker, Atl. Ich. 



Branchiostega.ls eleven to sixteen. Gill-membranes entirely separated. Body oblong or elongated. Abdominal 

 edge routided and not keeled. Snout poinded, projecting beyond the mouth. Eyes with a broad annular adipose 

 covering. Villiforin teeth on thejaivs, vomer, and palatine bones: granular on the tongue, piterygoid and sphenoid 

 bones. Dorsal fin situated opposite to the ventrals: the anal shoiier than the dorsal. Scales rather small, not 

 deciduous : lateral-line present. Pseudobranchice well developied. Pyloric appendages numerous. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 

 1. Albula conorhynchus, D. 17-19, A. 9, L. 1. 75-80. Tropical and subtropical seas. 



1. Albula conorhynchus. 

 Albula, sp. GronoviQS, Zooph. p. 102, No. 327. 



